我的 BIOS 识别到 4GB，而 Ubuntu 13.10 只能识别到 2.9GB。我使用的是 ASRock FM2A75 Pro4-M 主板、4GB 通用 RAM 和 AMD A6-5400K。
我已经更新到内核 3.12.3，没有变化。
uname -m 的输出
x86_64
free -m 的输出
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 2962 1159 1803 0 28 318
-/+ buffers/cache: 812 2150
Swap: 3905 0 3905
sudo lshw 的输出
description: Desktop Computer
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M. (To Be Filled By O.E.M.)
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=desktop family=To Be Filled By O.E.M. sku=To Be Filled By O.E.M. uuid=00020003-0004-0005-0006-000700080009
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: FM2A75 Pro4-M
vendor: ASRock
physical id: 0
serial: E80-2B019800452
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 0
version: P1.80
date: 11/02/2012
size: 64KiB
capacity: 8128KiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 9
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 4GiB
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
product: EBJ21UE8BDF0-DJ-F
vendor: Elpida
physical id: 0
serial: E0973A4A
slot: A1_DIMM0
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 667MHz (1.5ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM [empty]
product: Array1_PartNumber1
vendor: A1_Manufacturer1
physical id: 1
serial: A1_SerNum1
slot: A1_DIMM1
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 667 MHz (1.5 ns)
product: EBJ20UF8BCF0-DJ-F
vendor: Elpida
physical id: 2
serial: E037024F
slot: A1_DIMM2
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 667MHz (1.5ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM [empty]
product: Array1_PartNumber3
vendor: A1_Manufacturer3
physical id: 3
serial: A1_SerNum3
slot: A1_DIMM3
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 14
slot: L1 CACHE
size: 96KiB
capacity: 96KiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 15
slot: L2 CACHE
size: 1MiB
capacity: 1MiB
clock: 1GHz (1.0ns)
capabilities: pipeline-burst internal write-back unified
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: AMD A6-5400K APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD]
physical id: 1f
bus info: cpu@0
version: AMD A6-5400K APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
slot: CPUSocket
size: 2400MHz
capacity: 3600MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes xsave avx f16c lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs xop skinit wdt lwp fma4 tce nodeid_msr tbm topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb arat cpb hw_pstate npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold bmi1 cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=2
*-pci:0
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Root Complex
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Root Port
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:18 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:fd000000-fe0fffff ioport:c0000000(size=301989888)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: GK107 [GeForce GTX 650]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:fd000000-fdffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:fe000000-fe07ffff
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: GK107 HDMI Audio Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0.1
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1
version: a1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:19 memory:fe080000-fe083fff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB XHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 10
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0
version: 03
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:fe106000-fe107fff
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB XHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 10.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.1
version: 03
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:17 memory:fe104000-fe105fff
*-storage
description: SATA controller
product: FCH SATA Controller [AHCI mode]
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 11
bus info: pci@0000:00:11.0
version: 40
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: storage msi ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=32
resources: irq:47 ioport:f090(size=8) ioport:f080(size=4) ioport:f070(size=8) ioport:f060(size=4) ioport:f050(size=16) memory:fe10d000-fe10d7ff
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB OHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 12
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.0
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe10c000-fe10cfff
*-usb:3
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 12.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:12.2
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:17 memory:fe10b000-fe10b0ff
*-usb:4
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB OHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 13
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.0
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe10a000-fe10afff
*-usb:5
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB EHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 13.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:13.2
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:17 memory:fe109000-fe1090ff
*-serial
description: SMBus
product: FCH SMBus Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 14
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
configuration: driver=piix4_smbus latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-ide
description: IDE interface
product: FCH IDE Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ide bus_master
configuration: driver=pata_atiixp latency=32
resources: irq:17 ioport:1f0(size=8) ioport:3f6 ioport:170(size=8) ioport:376 ioport:f000(size=16)
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: FCH Azalia Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.2
version: 01
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
resources: irq:16 memory:fe100000-fe103fff
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: FCH LPC Bridge
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.3
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: FCH PCI Bridge
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.4
version: 40
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master vga_palette
*-usb:6
description: USB controller
product: FCH USB OHCI Controller
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 14.5
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.5
version: 11
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: ohci bus_master
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=32
resources: irq:18 memory:fe108000-fe108fff
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 0)
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 15
bus info: pci@0000:00:15.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:16
*-pci:3
description: PCI bridge
product: Hudson PCI to PCI bridge (PCIE port 3)
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 15.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:15.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm pciexpress msi ht normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:16 ioport:d000(size=4096) ioport:d2100000(size=1048576)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
logical name: eth0
version: 06
serial: bc:5f:f4:84:c3:5c
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=full firmware=rtl8168e-3_0.0.4 03/27/12 ip=192.168.1.7 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s
resources: irq:46 ioport:d000(size=256) memory:d2104000-d2104fff memory:d2100000-d2103fff
*-pci:1
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 0
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 101
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.0
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:2
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 1
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 102
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.1
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:3
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 2
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 103
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:4
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 3
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 104
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.3
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=k10temp
resources: irq:0
*-pci:5
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 4
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 105
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.4
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:6
description: Host bridge
product: Family 15h (Models 10h-1fh) Processor Function 5
vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD]
physical id: 106
bus info: pci@0000:00:18.5
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-scsi:0
physical id: 1
logical name: scsi0
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: WDC WD3200BEVT-2
vendor: Western Digital
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 11.0
serial: WD-WXL1A80M8420
size: 298GiB (320GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 sectorsize=512 signature=000f3392
*-volume:0
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /boot
version: 1.0
serial: 6810c833-a160-44eb-9b2e-9fe6735bcc2e
size: 237MiB
capacity: 237MiB
capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2013-11-24 20:00:12 filesystem=ext4 label=/boot lastmountpoint=/boot modified=2013-12-05 21:43:56 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,data=ordered mounted=2013-12-05 21:43:56 state=mounted
*-volume:1
description: Linux swap volume
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
version: 1
serial: be0a87db-5f98-4eac-8a2e-d2fb8679b636
size: 3906MiB
capacity: 3906MiB
capabilities: primary nofs swap initialized
configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4096
*-volume:2
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sda3
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: de911bc3-4054-4d43-80c3-8fabf377ace0
size: 14GiB
capacity: 14GiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2013-11-24 20:00:13 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2013-12-05 21:43:56 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,data=ordered mounted=2013-12-05 21:43:56 state=mounted
*-volume:3
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 4
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4
logical name: /dev/sda4
logical name: /home
version: 1.0
serial: cb51e781-5273-4e49-ab44-ce75c7a90754
size: 279GiB
capacity: 279GiB
capabilities: primary journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2013-11-24 20:00:15 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/home modified=2013-12-05 21:44:02 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,data=ordered mounted=2013-12-05 21:44:02 state=mounted
*-scsi:1
physical id: 2
bus info: usb@2:1
logical name: scsi3
capabilities: emulated scsi-host
configuration: driver=usb-storage
*-disk
description: SCSI Disk
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
size: 3824MiB (4009MB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: sectorsize=512 signature=0305a604
*-volume
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkdosfs
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@3:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
version: FAT32
serial: 69b5-7571
size: 3822MiB
capacity: 3823MiB
capabilities: primary bootable fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat label=HERPADERPAD
答案1
答案2
BIOS 刷新后，我的一个 RAM 坏了。不知道为什么，但如果我留下一个 RAM，我甚至无法进行 POST。