我在 Ubuntu 13.10 上安装了 AMD Phenom II X4 处理器和 nForce 780a 芯片组。我没有安装显卡。当我使用内置 HDMI 端口时，即使切换输出设备，我也能获得良好的视频，但没有音频。我尝试安装专有芯片组驱动程序，在 pulseaudio 音量控制中切换配置文件。
跑步pactl set-card-profile 0 output:hdmi-stereo也没什么作用。
这是输出aplay -L：
default
Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server
sysdefault:CARD=NVidia
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Default Audio Device
front:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Front speakers
surround40:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers
surround41:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround50:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers
surround51:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers
surround71:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers
iec958:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Digital
IEC958 (S/PDIF) Digital Audio Output
hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, HDMI 0
HDMI Audio Output
dmix:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Direct sample mixing device
dmix:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1
HDA NVidia, AD198x Digital
Direct sample mixing device
dmix:CARD=NVidia,DEV=3
HDA NVidia, HDMI 0
Direct sample mixing device
dsnoop:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Direct sample snooping device
dsnoop:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1
HDA NVidia, AD198x Digital
Direct sample snooping device
dsnoop:CARD=NVidia,DEV=3
HDA NVidia, HDMI 0
Direct sample snooping device
hw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Direct hardware device without any conversions
hw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1
HDA NVidia, AD198x Digital
Direct hardware device without any conversions
hw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=3
HDA NVidia, HDMI 0
Direct hardware device without any conversions
plughw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=0
HDA NVidia, AD198x Analog
Hardware device with all software conversions
plughw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1
HDA NVidia, AD198x Digital
Hardware device with all software conversions
plughw:CARD=NVidia,DEV=3
HDA NVidia, HDMI 0
Hardware device with all software conversions
我对此束手无策，对 ALSA 和 PulseAudio 印象不深。我的特定芯片组是否需要做任何特殊处理？
使用pavucontrol：输出下的设备为“HDMI / DisplayPort”，配置选项卡上为“数字立体声 (HDMI) 输出”。它应该可以正常工作，但实际上却不能。
pactl stat
Currently in use: 1 blocks containing 63.9 KiB bytes total.
Allocated during whole lifetime: 131881 blocks containing 230.7 MiB bytes total.
Sample cache size: 0 B
Server String: /run/user/1000/pulse/native
Library Protocol Version: 28
Server Protocol Version: 28
Is Local: yes
Client Index: 19
Tile Size: 65472
User Name: media
Host Name: PlexBMC-Serve
Server Name: pulseaudio
Server Version: 4.0
Default Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Default Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Default Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_07.0.hdmi-stereo
Default Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_07.0.hdmi-stereo.monitor
Cookie: 9d20:6867
pactl list sinks
Sink #0
State: SUSPENDED
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_07.0.hdmi-stereo
Description: Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 5
Mute: no
Volume: 0: 100% 1: 100%
0: -0.00 dB 1: -0.00 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 100%
0.00 dB
Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_07.0.hdmi-stereo.monitor
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: HARDWARE DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY SET_FORMATS
Properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "HDMI 0"
alsa.id = "HDMI 0"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "3"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA NVidia"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA NVidia at 0xfe020000 irq 20"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:07.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "10de"
device.vendor.name = "NVIDIA Corporation"
device.product.id = "0774"
device.product.name = "MCP72XE/MCP72P/MCP78U/MCP78S High Definition Audio"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "hdmi:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "65536"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "32768"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "hdmi-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)"
alsa.mixer_name = "Nvidia MCP77/78 HDMI"
alsa.components = "HDA:11d4198b,1043829b,00100400 HDA:10de0002,10de0101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Ports:
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority: 5900)
Active Port: hdmi-output-0
Formats:
ac3-iec61937, format.rate = "[ 32000, 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000 ]"
eac3-iec61937, format.rate = "[ 32000, 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000 ]"
dts-iec61937, format.rate = "[ 32000, 44100, 48000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000 ]"
pcm