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每个插件自动同步或备份到外部硬盘

tag-icon • tag-icon backup external-hdd automation
每个插件自动同步或备份到外部硬盘

我以前使用 grsync 将一个分区备份到外部驱动器，但现在我必须将不同的文件夹备份到外部硬盘中的相应文件夹。如果可以使用 corn 或类似程序或任何应用程序在硬盘的每个插件上自动执行这些操作，那将会很有帮助。

谢谢你的时间。

编辑：我不是编码方面的专家，所以我可能需要以连续的方式解决问题才能成功应用它。如果可能的话，我还需要完全自动化的解决方案。此链接可能有答案，但由于它的不连续性，我很难筛选出完成我想要的工作所需的适当的操作。

再次感谢。

答案1

以下是来自 Unix Stackflow 的朋友的回答：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/66749/how-to-auto-sync-with-a-plugged-in-usb-mass-storage-device

看来最有前途的工具是 DirSync Pro（显然是 OSS）。

答案2

连接时自动备份到外部磁盘

确定要自动备份的外部驱动器的以及ID_MODEL_ID=?：ID_VENDOR_ID=?

udevadm info -x /sys/class/block/sdb

sdb（用适当的块设备名称替换。）

现在，创建一个udev .rules 文件内容如下/etc/udev/rules.d/99-trigger-backup-to-external-disk.udev.rules：

SUBSYSTEM!="block", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"
KERNEL!="sd*", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"
ENV{DEVTYPE}!="disk", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"

## For my SanDisk 3.2Gen1 64GB flash disk device:
ATTRS{idProduct}=="5590", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0781", GOTO="label__enlisted_devices"

ATTRS{idProduct}!="5590", ATTRS{idVendor}!="0781", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"

LABEL="label__enlisted_devices"

ACTION!="add", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"

ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="sd*", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", ATTRS{idProduct}=="5590", ATTRS{idVendor}=="0781", TAG+="systemd", ENV{SYSTEMD_USER_WANTS}+="backup_to_external_disk@dev-%k.target", GOTO="label__my_rules_end"

LABEL="label__my_rules_end"

在此文件中，使用命令根据上述设备适当替换 ATTRS{idProduct} 和 ATTRS{idVendor} 的整数值udevadm info ...。

现在，$HOME/.config/systemd/user/使用以下命令创建目录：

mkdir -p "${HOME}/.config/systemd/user/"

创建一个文件并写入以下内容：${HOME}/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]

[Unit]
Description=Backup To External Disk - target unit for %I
Documentation=man:systemd.unit(5) man:systemd.exec(5) man:systemd.special(7) man:systemd.target(5)
StopWhenUnneeded=yes
Requires=backup_to_external_disk@%i.service
Before=backup_to_external_disk@%i.service
RefuseManualStart=true
RefuseManualStop=true

创建一个文件并写入以下内容：${HOME}/.config/systemd/user/[email protected]

[Unit]
Description=Backup To External Disk
Documentation=man:systemd.unit(5) man:systemd.exec(5) man:systemd.special(7) man:systemd.target(5)
ConditionPathExistsGlob=/sys/class/block/sd*
RefuseManualStart=true
RefuseManualStop=true

[Service]
Type=exec
ExecStart=-/bin/bash -c '/opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin/backup_to_external_disk.sh -d %i --backup'

现在，使用以下命令创建目录/opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin/和可执行文件backup_to_external_disk.sh：

sudo mkdir -p /opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin
touch /opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin/backup_to_external_disk.sh
chmod +x /opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin/backup_to_external_disk.sh

现在，将以下内容写入/opt/backup_to_external_disk/bin/backup_to_external_disk.sh脚本：

#!/bin/bash

declare __SCRIPT_NAME="${0##*/}"
declare __SCRIPT_NAME_SH="${__SCRIPT_NAME%.sh}"

declare -i __FLAG__GUI_MODE=1  ##  0 = Non-GUI mode i.e. CLI mode; 1 = GUI mode

declare __DIR_TMP="/tmp/.${__SCRIPT_NAME_SH}"
declare __LOG_MESSAGES="${__DIR_TMP}/msg.log"


declare __BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE=""  ##  systemd escaped name of block device e.g. "dev-sda"
declare __BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME=""  ##  name of block device e.g. "sda"
declare __BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH=""  ##  device path e.g. "/dev/sda"



shopt -s huponexit
_TrapHandle__HUP() {
    if [[ -f "${__LOG_MESSAGES}" ]] ; then
        _Write_Log "[_TrapHandle__HUP()] : The running terminal was closed, so the script '${__SCRIPT_NAME}' has to end unexpectedly."
    fi
}

_TrapHandle__EXIT() {
    if [[ -f "${__LOG_MESSAGES}" ]] ; then
        _Write_Log "[_TrapHandle__EXIT()] : The script '${__SCRIPT_NAME}' is exiting now."
    fi
}

trap _TrapHandle__HUP SIGHUP
trap _TrapHandle__EXIT EXIT

function _Show_Help() {
    while read -r ; do
        echo "${REPLY}"
    done <<-__EOF
Synoptis:
    ${__SCRIPT_NAME} [OPTION]

OPTIONS:
    -d
    Systemd-escaped device name of the device to be backuped into.

    --backup
    Initiate automatic backup from directory '\$HOME/Documents' to the configured
    backup external disk in a directory called 'backup/Documents'.

    -h, --help
    Show this help.

__EOF
}

function _Write_Log() {
    echo "$( date +%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S ) |  ${@}" >> "${__LOG_MESSAGES}"
}



####  Execution begins:

if [[ ${#} -eq 0 ]] ; then
    _Show_Help
    exit 1
fi

if [[ ! -d "${__DIR_TMP}" ]] ; then
    if ! mkdir -p "${__DIR_TMP}" ; then
        echo "[ERROR] Could not create temporary directory. Terminate now." >&2
        exit 1
    fi
fi

_Write_Log "----------  $(date)  ----------"
_Write_Log "Script '${__SCRIPT_NAME}' has already started and is processing."
_Write_Log "Command line arguments: $@"


##  Parse the command-line arguments:
declare __SCRIPT_ARGS=""
declare -i __SCRIPT_ARG_COUNT=${#}
declare -a __OPERANDS=()
declare __TASK=""  ## check and call associated function

## Assign a default task:
__TASK="action____show_help"

while [[ ${#} -gt 0 ]]; do
    __SCRIPT_ARGS="${1}"
    case "${__SCRIPT_ARGS}" in
        --backup)
            __TASK="action____perform_backup"
            shift
            ;;
        -d)
            ## The systemd escaped name for the block device:
            __BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE="${2}"
            ## If unescaped path is specified, escape it in anticipation of a
            ## block device path:
            if [[ "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE}" =~ / ]] ; then
                __BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE=$( systemd-escape --path "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE}" )
            fi
            __BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME="${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE##*-}"
            __BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH="/${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE//-/\/}"
            shift 2  ##  shift past $1 and $2 .
            ;;
        -h|--help)
            __TASK="action____show_help"
            shift
            ;;
        *)
            __OPERANDS+=( "${1}" )  # save operands in array for later
            shift  ## past operand parameter
            ;;
    esac
done

## Restore saved positional parameters.
if [[ ${#} -ne ${__SCRIPT_ARG_COUNT} ]]; then
  set -- "${__OPERANDS[@]}"
fi

## Excess operands must not be at the command line:
if [[ ${#} -gt 0 ]]; then
    echo "[ERROR] Some operands at the command line are not recognised." >&2
    _Write_Log "[ERROR] Some operands at the command line are not recognised."
    echo "Exiting now." >&2
    exit 1
fi

case "${__TASK}" in
    action____show_help)
        _Show_Help
        exit 0
        ;;
    action____perform_backup)
        if [[ -z "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE}" && ! "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_NAME_SYSTEMDSTYLE}" =~ ^dev-sd[a-z]$ ]] ; then
            _Write_Log "[ERROR] Use option -d to specify the systemd instance name for the escaped block device path e.g. dev-sdb."
            exit 1
        fi
        if [[ ! -b "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH}" ]] ; then
            _Write_Log "[ERROR] The block device '${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH}' does not exist."
            exit 1
        fi

        ##  Check GUI mode:
        if systemctl --quiet is-active graphical.target ; then
            __FLAG__GUI_MODE=1
            echo "GUI mode is active."
            _Write_Log "GUI mode is active."
        else
            __FLAG__GUI_MODE=0
        fi

        # echo "The block device '${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH}' exists. Do you want to mount it and perform a backup? (Y/N)"
        zenity --question --title="The block device '${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH}' exists." --text="Do you want to mount it and perform a backup from '${HOME}/Documents/' to 'backups/Documents' directory in the external disk?"
        declare -i __ZENITY_REPLY_INT=${?}
        if [[ ${__ZENITY_REPLY_INT} -ne 0 ]] ; then
            _Write_Log "You chose not to backup the device. Will exit now."
            exit 1
        fi
        _Write_Log "You chose to backup the device. Will backup now."
        declare __BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH="${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PATH}1"
        declare __MOUNT_POINT=""
        __MOUNT_POINT="$( udisksctl mount -b "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH}" )"
        declare -i __RETURN_STATUS=${?}
        ## We need to obtain mount point as:
        __MOUNT_POINT="${__MOUNT_POINT#Mounted ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} at }"
        if [[ ${__RETURN_STATUS} -eq 0 ]] ; then
            _Write_Log "Successfully mounted ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} at ${__MOUNT_POINT} ."
        else
            _Write_Log "Failed to mount ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} ."
            exit 1
        fi
        declare __BACKUP_DESTINATION="${__MOUNT_POINT}/backups/Documents"
        if [[ ! -d "${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}" ]] ; then
            if ! mkdir -p "${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}" ; then
                _Write_Log "Could not create backup destination '${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}' directory."
               exit 1
            fi
        else
            _Write_Log "Backup destination '${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}' exists."
        fi
        _Write_Log "Using backup command: rsync -a '${HOME}/Documents/' '${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}'"
        if [[ -d "${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}" ]] ; then
            rsync -a "${HOME}/Documents/" "${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}" | zenity --progress --pulsate --auto-close --title="DO NOT EJECT DEVICE ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH}." --text="Backup is in progress..."
            _Write_Log "Backup with rsync completed with status=${PIPESTATUS[0]}."
            zenity --question --title "Backup Done :: Unmount Device?" --text="The backup operation using rsync command completed with status=${PIPESTATUS[0]}. Do you want to unmount the device?"
            __RETURN_STATUS=${?}
            if [[ ${__RETURN_STATUS} -eq 0 ]] ; then
                udisksctl unmount -b "${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH}"
                __RETURN_STATUS=${?}
                if [[ ${__RETURN_STATUS} -ne 0 ]] ; then
                    _Write_Log "Unmounting the device ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} failed."
                    zenity --warning --title "Unmount failed!" --text="The udisksctl unmount -b ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} command failed."
                else
                    _Write_Log "Unmounted the device ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} successfully."
                    zenity --info --title "Unmount done." --text="The udisksctl unmount -b ${__BLOCK_DEVICE_PARTITION_PATH} command completed successfully."
                fi
            fi
        else
            _Write_Log "The backup destination '${__BACKUP_DESTINATION}' does not exist."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
esac
exit 0
## End of the script.

现在，重新启动系统或运行以下命令：

systemctl --user daemon-reload ; sudo systemctl reload udev

现在，每次将配置的设备连接到系统时，系统都会提示您进行备份。

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