我有一台在第一个 SSD 上运行 Windows 8.1 的 PC。
我买了第二个 SSD 并在其上安装了 Ubuntu 13.10。安装完成，尽管在某个时候它显示之前没有安装其他操作系统——不确定这是否是个问题。我指定第一个磁盘（装有 Windows 的磁盘）作为放置引导扇区的磁盘。
安装后，没有 grub 菜单，并且 Windows 启动。
我使用了一个 grub 恢复盘，以前在重新安装 Windows 后用它来重新安装 grub。它成功完成了（这次识别 Windows）将引导扇区放在两个磁盘上。
但是，行为没有改变：没有 grub 菜单，Windows 启动。
以下是维修信息，希望对您有帮助。
Boot Info Script 0.60-git [2 Jan 2012]
============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================
=> Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /bootmgr /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.04 2011-04-18
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1849120 of /dev/sdb1 for its
second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 13.10
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab
============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================
Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2,048 718,847 716,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
/dev/sda2 718,848 488,394,751 487,675,904 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS
Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 32 62,530,623 62,530,592 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
Drive: sdc _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sdc: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 234,441,647 234,441,647 ee GPT
GUID Partition Table detected.
Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System
/dev/sdc1 2,048 234,440,703 234,438,656 Data partition (Linux)
"blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________
Device UUID TYPE LABEL
/dev/loop0 squashfs
/dev/sda1 78A05CE4A05CAA80 ntfs Réservé au système
/dev/sda2 1C0A5DD60A5DAD90 ntfs
/dev/sdb1 C079-9C1A vfat MYLINUXLIVE
/dev/sdc1 adc402a7-f70c-4ef7-94ec-d36c1846103a ext4
================================ Mount points: =================================
Device Mount_Point Type Options
/dev/sdb1 /media/MYLINUXLIVE vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush)
/dev/sr0 /live/image iso9660 (ro,noatime)
=========================== sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
[ edited ]
========================= sdb1/syslinux/syslinux.cfg: ==========================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# D-I config version 2.0
include menu.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
prompt 0
timeout 50
ui gfxboot bootlogo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================= sdb1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
?? = ?? syslinux/chain.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux/gfxboot.c32 1
?? = ?? syslinux/syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? syslinux/vesamenu.c32 1
============== sdb1: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: ===============
syslinux/chain.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
syslinux/gfxboot.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
syslinux/vesamenu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx)
=========================== sdc1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: ===========================
[edited]
=============================== sdc1/etc/fstab: ================================
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
UUID=adc402a7-f70c-4ef7-94ec-d36c1846103a / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
?? = ?? boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic 2
?? = ?? boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic 1
?? = ?? boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic 1
?? = ?? boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic 1
?? = ?? boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic.efi.signed 1
?? = ?? initrd.img 2
?? = ?? vmlinuz 1
=============================== StdErr Messages: ===============================
File descriptor 7 (pipe:[5552]) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 8592: bash
File descriptor 8 (pipe:[5552]) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 8592: bash
No volume groups found
mdadm: No arrays found in config file or automatically
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION :
**************** log of boot-repair 2014-01-28__21h42 ****************
boot-repair version : 3.16-0ppa2~lucid
boot-sav version : 3.17-0ppa4~lucid
g2s version : 0.3.01.1-0ppa1~lucid
internet: no-internet
internet: no-internet
File descriptor 7 (pipe:[5552]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 3223: /bin/sh
File descriptor 8 (pipe:[5552]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 3223: /bin/sh
No volume groups found
LIVESESSION is : yes (Debian GNU/Linux 6.0.3 (squeeze) , squeeze , Debian , x86_64 )
BYTES_BEFORE_PART[1] (sda) = 2048 sectors * 512 bytes = 1048576 bytes.
BYTES_BEFORE_PART[2] (sdc) = 2048 sectors * 512 bytes = 1048576 bytes.
BYTES_BEFORE_PART[3] (sdb) = 32 sectors * 512 bytes = 16384 bytes.
OSPROBER:
/dev/sda1:Windows Recovery Environment (loader):Windows:chain
/dev/sdc1:Ubuntu 13.10 (13.10):Ubuntu:linux
BLKID:
/dev/sda1: LABEL="RM-CM-)servM-CM-) au systM-CM-(me" UUID="78A05CE4A05CAA80" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="1C0A5DD60A5DAD90" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="adc402a7-f70c-4ef7-94ec-d36c1846103a" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="MYLINUXLIVE" UUID="C079-9C1A" TYPE="vfat"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
2 disks with OS, 2 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 1 Windows, 0 unknown type OS.
Total of 1 OS detected on sda disk.
Total of 1 OS detected on sdc disk.
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
LIST_GPTPART[1] is 3 (sdc1 , sdc)
TABLE_TYPE of sda is MSDos
ReadEFI: /dev/sdc , N 128 , 0 , , PRStart 1024 , PRSize 128
part /dev/sdc1 is notBISEFI
TABLE_TYPE of sdc is EFI
TABLE_TYPE of sdb is MSDos
sda1 : sda, not-sepboot, no-grub-install, grub , no-update-grub, no-apt-nor-yum, 32, no boot, /mnt/boot-sav/sda1, with-os, no-gpt, notEFItable, no-fstab.
sda2 : sda, is-maybe-sepboot, no-grub-install, grub , no-update-grub, no-apt-nor-yum, 32, no boot, /mnt/boot-sav/sda2, no-os, no-gpt, notEFItable, no-fstab.
sdc1 : sdc, not-sepboot, grub-install, grub2 , update-grub, apt-get, 64, with boot, /mnt/boot-sav/sdc1, with-os, gpt, notBISEFI, fstab-without-efi.
sdb1 : sdb, is-maybe-sepboot, no-grub-install, grub , no-update-grub, no-apt-nor-yum, 32, with boot, /media/MYLINUXLIVE, no-os, no-gpt, notEFItable, no-fstab.
PARTED:
Model: ATA Samsung SSD 840 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 250GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 1049kB 368MB 367MB primary ntfs boot
2 368MB 250GB 250GB primary ntfs
Model: SanDisk Extreme (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
1 16.4kB 32.0GB 32.0GB primary fat32 boot, lba
Model: ATA SanDisk SDSSDXP1 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 120GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 120GB 120GB ext4
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0
has been opened read-only.
Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk label
MOUNT:
aufs on / type aufs (rw)
tmpfs on /lib/init/rw type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,mode=0755)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
udev on /dev type tmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sr0 on /live/image type iso9660 (ro,noatime)
tmpfs on /live/cow type tmpfs (rw,noatime,mode=755)
tmpfs on /live type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
/dev/sdb1 on /media/MYLINUXLIVE type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=1000,gid=1000,shortname=mixed,dmask=0077,utf8=1,showexec,flush)
/dev/sda1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda1 type fuseblk (rw,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda2 type fuseblk (rw,allow_other,blksize=4096)
/dev/sdc1 on /mnt/boot-sav/sdc1 type ext4 (rw)
/sys/block/sda: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sdb: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sdb1 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sdc: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sdc1 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/sys/block/sr0: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent
/dev: block bsg btrfs-control bus cdrom cdrw char console core cpu_dma_latency disk dvd dvdrw fd full fuse hidraw0 hidraw1 hidraw2 hidraw3 hidraw4 hpet initctl input kmsg log MAKEDEV mcelog md mem net network_latency network_throughput null port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rtc rtc0 scd0 sda sda1 sda2 sdb sdb1 sdc sdc1 sg0 sg1 sg2 sg3 shm snapshot snd sndstat sr0 stderr stdin stdout urandom usb v4l vga_arbiter video0 xconsole zero
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
DF:
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
aufs aufs 3.8G 9.3M 3.8G 1% /
tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /lib/init/rw
udev tmpfs 3.8G 184K 3.8G 1% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sr0 iso9660 339M 339M 0 100% /live/image
tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 9.3M 3.8G 1% /live/cow
tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /live
tmpfs tmpfs 3.8G 8.0K 3.8G 1% /tmp
/dev/sdb1 vfat 30G 888M 29G 3% /media/MYLINUXLIVE
/dev/sda1 fuseblk 350M 259M 92M 74% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
/dev/sda2 fuseblk 233G 104G 129G 45% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sdc1 ext4 111G 3.8G 101G 4% /mnt/boot-sav/sdc1
FDISK:
Disk /dev/sda: 250.1 GB, 250059350016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders, total 488397168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00007c51
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 718847 358400 7 HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 718848 488394751 243837952 7 HPFS/NTFS
Disk /dev/sdc: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 234441647 117220823+ ee GPT
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.0 GB, 32017047552 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3892 cylinders, total 62533296 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c1e14
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 32 62530623 31265296 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
************************Before mainwindow
FSCK_ACTION no PASTEBIN_ACTION yes
recommendedrepair, reinstall, REINSTALL_POSSIBLE yes PURGE_POSSIBLE yes
UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION yes (10s), noflag (sda1)
PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sdc1, PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB_PURGE sdc1, FORCE_GRUB all (sdc) REMOVABLEDISK no
USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda2) grub2 (sda1)
UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off)
MBR_TO_RESTORE sda (mbr) ( )
Warning: unknown mime-type for "/mnt/boot-sav/sdc1/etc/default/grub" -- using "application/octet-stream"
Error: no "view" mailcap rules found for type "application/octet-stream"
adding: log/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc/current_mbr.img (deflated 100%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb/current_mbr.img (deflated 97%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda2/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda/current_mbr.img (deflated 95%)
adding: log/log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/2014-01-28__21h42.boot-repair.log.tee (deflated 75%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdb/current_mbr.img (deflated 97%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sdc/current_mbr.img (deflated 100%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda2/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda1/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda/ (stored 0%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/sda/current_mbr.img (deflated 95%)
adding: log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/2014-01-28__21h42.boot-repair.log.tee
zip warning: file size changed while zipping log/2014-01-28__21h42boot-repair33/2014-01-28__21h42.boot-repair.log.tee
(deflated 82%)
internet: no-internet
************************Actions
FSCK_ACTION no PASTEBIN_ACTION yes
recommendedrepair, reinstall, REINSTALL_POSSIBLE yes PURGE_POSSIBLE yes
UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION yes (10s), noflag (sda1)
PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sdc1, PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB_PURGE sdc1, FORCE_GRUB all (sdc) REMOVABLEDISK no
USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda2) grub2 (sda1)
UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off)
MBR_TO_RESTORE sda (mbr) (sda 1)
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sdc1/etc/default/grub
Reinstall the GRUB of sdc1 into all MBRs of disks with OS or not-USB
Reinstall the GRUB of sdc1 into the MBR of sda
dpkg --configure -a sdc1
grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-19ubuntu2.1
chroot: failed to run command `type': No such file or directory
INSTALLOUTPUT: source_dir doesn't exist. Please specify --target or --directory
INSTALLEXIT:1
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
Reinstall the GRUB of sdc1 into the MBR of sdc
dpkg --configure -a sdc1
grub-install (GRUB) 2.00-19ubuntu2.1
chroot: failed to run command `type': No such file or directory
INSTALLOUTPUT: source_dir doesn't exist. Please specify --target or --directory
INSTALLEXIT:1
Generating grub.cfg ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-15-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-15-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.11.0-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.11.0-12-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 8 (loader) on /dev/sda1
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sdc1/boot/grub/grub.cfg
internet: no-internet
internet: no-internet
答案1
通过重新安装所有内容解决了问题，确保我有一个用于 grub 启动的单独分区（如较新的启动修复所建议的那样），并且由于仍然不起作用，因此在此新安装上再次运行启动修复。