大家好。这是我第一次在 AskUbuntu 上发帖，我真的希望能得到一些帮助。
背景：我的 2012 Macbook Pro 上有 OS X Mavericks 和 Windows 8 的双启动分区。我一直想切换到 Ubuntu，所以我制作了一个 live CD 并在硬件上进行了测试。测试 live CD 时一切正常（实际上这就是我发布此消息的方式），所以我假设安装也会正常进行。
我运行了安装程序，安装完成后提示我重新启动。重新启动后，屏幕变黑，只显示一条消息：“缺少操作系统”。重新启动并按住 Option 键选择启动位置时，我看到的只是一个 Windows 选项，没有 Ubuntu。我尝试再次安装，结果还是一样。
一些在线搜索告诉我，我遇到的问题可能与在终端中运行以下命令的结果有关：
sudo parted -l
我尝试了一下，结果是：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA OWC Mercury EXTR (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 240GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 EFI System Partition boot
2 538MB 794MB 256MB ext2
3 794MB 240GB 239GB lvm
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 8493MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 8493MB 8493MB linux-swap(v1)
Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 231GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Number Start End Size File system Flags
1 0.00B 231GB 231GB ext4
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0
has been opened read-only.
Error: Can't have a partition outside the disk!
希望这会有所帮助，并提前感谢您！
编辑：另一个线程显示以下命令的结果可能会有帮助：
sudo fdisk -l
以下是我的结果：
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29185 cylinders, total 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x95c21503
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 1050623 525311+ ee GPT
/dev/sda2 * 1050624 1550335 249856 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1550336 468860927 233655296 da Non-FS data
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 230.8 GB, 230766411776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 28055 cylinders, total 450715648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 8493 MB, 8493465600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1032 cylinders, total 16588800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ clear
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 240.1 GB, 240057409536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 29185 cylinders, total 468862128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x95c21503
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 1050623 525311+ ee GPT
/dev/sda2 * 1050624 1550335 249856 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1550336 468860927 233655296 da Non-FS data
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 230.8 GB, 230766411776 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 28055 cylinders, total 450715648 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 8493 MB, 8493465600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1032 cylinders, total 16588800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$
答案1
这是一个可能有帮助的帖子 https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=165710
基本上，OP 必须安装 rEFInd 而不是 GRUB 才能使其工作。