我尝试在 Ubuntu 14.04 上安装 Skype。我想我已经找到了问题所在，需要帮助。
首先我检查了多架构是否已启用。
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ dpkg --print-architecture
amd64
和
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
i386
至少
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ cat /var/lib/dpkg/arch
amd64
i386
现在它尝试追溯包依赖关系来找到疯狂的包。
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install skype
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
skype : Depends: skype-bin
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install skype-bin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
skype-bin:i386 : Depends: libqtwebkit4:i386 (>= 2.2~2011week36) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install libqtwebkit4:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libqtwebkit4:i386 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 but it is not going to be installed or
libgl1:i386
Depends: libqt4-opengl:i386 (>= 4:4.5.3) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install libgl1-mesa-glx:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 : Depends: libdrm2:i386 (>= 2.3.1) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: libglapi-mesa:i386 (= 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.2) but it is not going to be installed
Recommends: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (>= 7.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install libdrm2:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 : Depends: libgl1-mesa-glx but it is not going to be installed or
libgl1
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.
在最后一个软件包 libglapi-mesa:i386 中，他将摆脱我使用的几乎所有程序......
localhost@localhost-W54-55SU1-SUW:~$ sudo apt-get --simulate install libglapi-mesa:i386
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
asymptote-doc cheese-common gir1.2-gnomekeyring-1.0 gir1.2-peas-1.0
gnome-video-effects ibus-qt4 libaccounts-glib0 libdmapsharing-3.0-2
libebackend-1.2-7 libebook-1.2-14 libedata-book-1.2-20 libgc1c2 libgee-0.8-2
libgexiv2-2 libgpod-common libgpod4 libgsl0ldbl libibus-qt1 libpeas-1.0-0
libpeas-common libraw9 librest-0.7-0 libsgutils2-2 libsignon-glib1
libwxbase2.8-0 pgadmin3-data pgagent python-imaging-tk python-netifaces
python3-mako python3-markupsafe rhythmbox-data shotwell-common texmaker-data
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
asymptote brasero cheese epson-inkjet-printer-escpr
epson-inkjet-printer-workforce-635-nx625-series freeglut3 gimp gir1.2-rb-3.0
gir1.2-webkit-3.0 gnome-user-guide gnumeric-doc gstreamer1.0-clutter
gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gufw gvfs gvfs-backends gvfs-daemons gvfs-fuse
kde-runtime kdelibs5-plugins kubuntu-debug-installer leap libcheese-gtk23
libcheese7 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-gst-2.0-0 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0
libcogl-pango15 libcogl15 libegl1-mesa-drivers libgl1-mesa-glx libglamor0
libglapi-mesa libgles2-mesa libglu1-mesa libgnome-desktop-3-7 libgtkglext1
libkactivities-bin libkdewebkit5 libokularcore4 libopencv-calib3d2.4
libopencv-contrib2.4 libopencv-core2.4 libopencv-features2d2.4
libopencv-flann2.4 libopencv-highgui2.4 libopencv-imgproc2.4
libopencv-legacy2.4 libopencv-ml2.4 libopencv-objdetect2.4
libopencv-video2.4 libplasma3 libqt4-opengl libqtwebkit4 librhythmbox-core8
libvisual-0.4-plugins libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 libwebkitgtk-3.0-0 libwxgtk2.8-0
libyelp0 lsb lsb-desktop lsb-graphics mplayer nautilus nautilus-sendto
okular pgadmin3 phonon phonon-backend-gstreamer phonon-backend-gstreamer1.0
plasma-scriptengine-javascript python-qt4 qapt-batch rhythmbox
rhythmbox-mozilla rhythmbox-plugin-cdrecorder rhythmbox-plugin-zeitgeist
rhythmbox-plugins shotwell software-center steam-launcher texmaker
ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk update-manager update-notifier x11-utils xorg
xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all
xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-input-mouse
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse
xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-ati
xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev
xserver-xorg-video-glamoregl xserver-xorg-video-intel
xserver-xorg-video-mach64 xserver-xorg-video-mga
xserver-xorg-video-modesetting xserver-xorg-video-neomagic
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-openchrome
xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-r128 xserver-xorg-video-radeon
xserver-xorg-video-s3 xserver-xorg-video-savage
xserver-xorg-video-siliconmotion xserver-xorg-video-sis
xserver-xorg-video-sisusb xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-trident
xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware xubuntu-desktop yelp
zenity
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libglapi-mesa:i386
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 123 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Remv asymptote [2.15-2build2]
Remv brasero [3.10.0-0ubuntu1]
Remv cheese [3.10.2-0ubuntu2]
Remv epson-inkjet-printer-escpr [1.4.4-1lsb3.2]
...
我在我的 dpkg 中查找了软件包，发现所有软件包都是 amd64 版本。我怎样才能安装 Skype 所需的 i386 版本，而不删除这 123 个 amd64 软件包？
更新：Canonical Partner 存储库已添加并处于活动状态。
更新2：apt-cache policy libglapi-mesa 和 apt-cache policy libglapi-mesa:i386 的结果。
haskeer@sanktuario-tuxedo:~$ apt-cache policy libglapi-mesa
libglapi-mesa:
Installed: 10.5.0~git20141122.3d9c1a9d-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty
Candidate: 10.5.0~git20141122.3d9c1a9d-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty
Version table:
*** 10.5.0~git20141122.3d9c1a9d-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty 0
500 http://deb.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
10.1.3-0ubuntu0.2 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
10.1.0-4ubuntu5 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
haskeer@sanktuario-tuxedo:~$ apt-cache policy libglapi-mesa:i386
libglapi-mesa:i386:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.2
Version table:
10.1.3-0ubuntu0.2 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main i386 Packages
10.1.0-4ubuntu5 0
500 http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main i386 Packages
答案1
您已安装( ) 软件包10.5.0~git20141122.3d9c1a9d-0ubuntu0ricotz~trusty的版本。由于 Skype 是作为程序分发的，并且根据多架构规则，您需要安装与该软件包相同的版本。但是，（您获取较新软件包的地方）仅提供软件包的版本。libglapi-mesaamd64i386i386http://deb.tuxedocomputers.com/ubuntu/amd64
一个解决方案可能是添加xorg-edgersPPA，该版本似乎就出自这里。amd64和i386版本的软件包都是在 PPA 中构建的。
或者，您可以使用 降级到该软件包的发行版（Mesa 10.1.3）ppa-purge。