文件 A 有几行基因:
A、B、C、D、E
P、Q、R
G、D、V、KL
、Q、X、I、U、G 等。
一次获取每一行,如何获得以下类型的输出:
对于第一行:
A、B、C
B、C、D
C、D、E
对于第二行:
P、Q、R
对于第三行:
G、D、V
D、V、K
本质上,我想要的是从每一行中找到基因的“三联体”。第一个三联体将具有前三个基因。第二个三联体将具有第二、第三、第四基因。最后一个三联体将以行中的最后一个基因结束。
手动实现这一目标将是一项艰巨的任务。由于我尚未掌握 Linux、Perl 或 Python 脚本,因此无法为此编写脚本,因此将不胜感激来自该社区的帮助!
答案1
使用awk
:
function wprint() {
print w[1], w[2], w[3];
}
function wshift(e) {
w[1] = w[2]; w[2] = w[3]; w[3] = e;
}
BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }
{
wshift($1);
wshift($2);
wshift($3);
wprint();
for (i = 4; i <= NF; ++i) {
wshift($i);
wprint();
}
}
然后:
$ awk -f script data.in
A,B,C
B,C,D
C,D,E
P,Q,R
G,D,V
D,V,K
L,Q,X
Q,X,I
X,I,U
I,U,G
该awk
脚本使用三元素移动窗口w
.对于每个输入行,它使用前三个字段填充窗口的三个元素,并将它们打印为逗号分隔的列表(后跟换行符)。然后,它迭代该行上的剩余字段,将它们移入窗口并打印每个元素的窗口。
如果输入数据中的任何行包含少于两个字段,您将得到类似的结果
A,,
或者
A,B,
在输出中。
如果您确定每个输入行至少具有三个字段(或者如果您想忽略任何没有的行),那么您可以awk
稍微缩短脚本:
function wprint() {
print w[1], w[2], w[3];
}
function wshift(e) {
w[1] = w[2]; w[2] = w[3]; w[3] = e;
}
BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }
{
for (i = 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
wshift($i);
if (i >= 3) {
wprint();
}
}
}
具有可变窗口大小的脚本第一个变体的概括:
function wprint(i) {
for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
printf("%s%s", w[i], OFS);
}
print w[n]
}
function wshift(e,i) {
for (i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
w[i] = w[i + 1];
}
w[n] = e;
}
BEGIN { FS = OFS = "," }
{
for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
wshift($i);
}
wprint();
for (i = n + 1; i <= NF; ++i) {
wshift($i);
wprint();
}
}
使用它:
$ awk -v n=4 -f script data.in
A,B,C,D
B,C,D,E
P,Q,R,
G,D,V,K
L,Q,X,I
Q,X,I,U
X,I,U,G
答案2
和perl
:
perl -F, -le 'BEGIN { $, = "," } while(@F >= 3) { print @F[0..2]; shift @F }' file
和awk
:
awk -F, -v OFS=, 'NF>=3 { for(i=1; i<=NF-2; i++) print $i, $(i+1), $(i+2) }' file
答案3
使用 Perl,我们可以将其处理为:
perl -lne '/(?:([^,]+)(?=((?:,[^,]+){2}))(?{ print $1,$2 }))*$/' yourfile
perl -F, -lne '$,=","; print shift @F, @F[0..1] while @F >= 3'
perl -F, -lne '$,=","; print splice @F, 0, 3, @F[1,2] while @F >= 3'
可以写成如下的扩展形式:
perl -lne '
m/
(?: # set up a do-while loop
([^,]+) # first field which shall be deleted after printing
(?=((?:,[^,]+){2})) # lookahead and remember the next 2 fields
(?{ print $1,$2 }) # print the first field + next 2 fields
)* # loop back for more
$ # till we hit the end of line
/x;
' yourfile
通过 sed,我们可以使用它的各种命令来做到这一点:
sed -e '
/,$/!s/$/,/ # add a dummy comma at the EOL
s/,/\n&/3;ta # while there still are 3 elements in the line jump to label "a"
d # else quit processing this line any further
:a # main action
P # print the leading portion, i.e., that which is left of the first newline in the pattern space
s/\n// # take away the marker
s/,/\n/;tb # get ready to delete the first field
:b
D # delete the first field, and apply the sed code all over from the beginning to what remains in the pattern space
' yourfile
DC 也可以这样做:
sed -e 's/[^,]*/[&]/g;y/,/ /' gene_data.in |
dc -e '
[q]sq # macro for quitting
[SM z0<a]sa # macro to store stack -> register "M"
[LMd SS zlk>b c]sb # macro to put register "M" -> register "S"
[LS zlk>c]sc # macro to put register "S" -> stack
[n44an dn44an rdn10anr z3!>d]sd # macro to print 1st three stack elements
[zsk lax lbx lcx ldx c]se # macro that initializes & calls all other macros
[?z3>q lex z0=?]s? # while loop to read in file line by line and run macro "e" on each line
l?x # main()
'
结果
A,B,C
B,C,D
C,D,E
D,E,F
E,F,G
P,Q,R
G,D,V
D,V,K
L,Q,X
Q,X,I
X,I,U
I,U,G