“apt-get update” 出现许多 [Ign] 错误 - 这是个问题吗？

Question

我刚刚又运行了一次，我认为输出中sudo apt-get update有很多以Ign而不是开头的行。Hit

我想知道这意味着什么，并研究了询问 Ubuntu和超级用户，但他们的答案却相互矛盾。在和@Seth 聊天讨论并进行了一些逻辑思考后，我得出的结论是：

• Hit表示“此包索引列表已下载并且是最新的”
• Ign意思是“无法下载此索引列表，例如由于错误 404（未找到）。但是，可以忽略该错误，因为只缺少翻译，但软件包仍然以其默认语言提供。”

我现在的问题是：

• 为什么我的配置中列出了这么多不可用的存储库？我目前有 23 个Ign条目，其中 5 个属于我的安装 DVD。
• 它们会造成任何危害吗（减慢更新过程、丢失列表等等）？
• 如果这不是一个坏主意，我该如何摆脱它们呢？

输出sudo apt-get update：

Ign仅限行：

Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic InRelease
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/main Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/main Translation-de
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/restricted Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/restricted Translation-de
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic InRelease
Ign http://archive.canonical.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed InRelease
Ign http://archive.canonical.com utopic/partner Translation-en
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-en
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-de
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-en
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-de
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease            
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease        
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease

完整输出：

Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic InRelease
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/main Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/main Translation-de
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/restricted Translation-en
Ign cdrom://Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1) utopic/restricted Translation-de
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic InRelease
Ign http://archive.canonical.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates InRelease
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic InRelease
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security InRelease
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic Release.gpg
Ign http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed InRelease
Hit http://archive.canonical.com utopic Release
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic Release
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic Release
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates Release.gpg
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports Release.gpg
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.canonical.com utopic/partner Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed Release.gpg
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic Release
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates Release
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports Release
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic/main Sources
Hit http://archive.canonical.com utopic/partner i386 Packages
Hit http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security Release
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed Release
Hit http://archive.ubuntu.com utopic/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/multiverse Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/universe Sources
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb InRelease
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/main Sources
Ign http://archive.canonical.com utopic/partner Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/main Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/multiverse Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/restricted Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/universe Translation-en
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com utopic/main Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic/universe Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/multiverse Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/universe Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/main Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/restricted Translation-en 
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-updates/universe Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/main Sources 
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/universe Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/multiverse Sources 
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/restricted i386 Packages 
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-backports/universe Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/multiverse Sources 
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/universe Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/main Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-security/universe Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/main Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/restricted Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/multiverse Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/universe Sources
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/restricted i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/multiverse i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/universe i386 Packages
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/main Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/main Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/multiverse Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/restricted Translation-de
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/universe Translation-en
Hit http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de utopic-proposed/universe Translation-de
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-en
Ign http://archive.getdeb.net utopic-getdeb/apps Translation-de
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease            
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease        
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic InRelease
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release  
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release                         
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release                         
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net utopic/main Translation-en
Reading package lists... Done

内容/etc/apt/sources.list：

deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 14.10 _Utopic Unicorn_ - Release i386 (20141022.1)]/ utopic main restricted
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main restricted #Added by software-properties

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse restricted universe main #Added by software-properties

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse restricted universe main #Added by software-properties

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic universe
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic multiverse
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties

deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted
deb-src http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-security multiverse restricted universe main #Added by software-properties
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-security universe
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-security multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu utopic partner

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu utopic main
deb http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted multiverse universe
deb-src http://ftp.uni-stuttgart.de/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties

输出ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d/：

danielrichter2007-ubuntu-grub-customizer-utopic.list
danielrichter2007-ubuntu-grub-customizer-utopic.list.save
getdeb.list
getdeb.list.save
leolik-ubuntu-leolik-utopic.list
leolik-ubuntu-leolik-utopic.list.save
lestcape-ubuntu-cinnamon-utopic.list
lestcape-ubuntu-cinnamon-utopic.list.save
nilarimogard-ubuntu-webupd8-utopic.list
nilarimogard-ubuntu-webupd8-utopic.list.save
ubuntu-wine-ubuntu-ppa-utopic.list
ubuntu-wine-ubuntu-ppa-utopic.list.save
yannubuntu-ubuntu-boot-repair-utopic.list
yannubuntu-ubuntu-boot-repair-utopic.list.save

Answer 1

为什么我的配置中列出了这么多不可用的存储库？我目前有 23 个 Ign 条目，其中 5 个属于我的安装 DVD。

缺少翻译不会导致存储库不可用。缺少InRelease文件可能会导致存储库不可用，但如果服务器提供Release{,.gpg}文件，则没有问题。

它们会造成任何危害吗（减慢更新过程、丢失列表等等）？

稍微有点。Apt 使用单个连接来处理多个请求，因此某些请求可能会延迟，但我认为这不会造成太大影响。只要Release{,.gpg}有合适的资源，存储库就可以正常工作。

如果这不是一个坏主意，我该如何摆脱它们呢？

对于翻译：我怎样才能删除 apt 中的翻译条目？

对于InRelease，不会有任何这样的选择。从此功能请求已于 2015 年关闭，无法修复：

无论如何，4 年后我们都接受了 InRelease 的新世界秩序，并且代码实际上发生了变化，这使得更难避免至少先尝试 InRelease，因此关闭 wontfix。