所以我最近在我的其中一台机器上安装了 Ubuntu 来玩一款名为 Dota 2 的游戏。这款游戏以前在 Windows 上可以很好地在这台机器上运行，但自从更新到 Ubuntu 14 后，我遇到了游戏无法启动的问题。
我收到一个窗口
“无法开始游戏”
无法创建 OpenGL 上下文。
您的显卡必须至少支持 OpenGL 3.1。“
是我缺少一些文件还是 Ubuntu Dota 与我的机器不兼容。如果是这种情况，我将不得不恢复到 Windows。真可惜，因为我真的很享受 Linux 体验。
希望有人能帮助我。
编辑：
*-显示
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:27 memory:b0000000-b03fffff memory:a0000000-afffffff ioport:4050(size=8)
name of display: :0
display: :0 screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
server glx vendor string: SGI
server glx version string: 1.4
server glx extensions:
GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float, GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_multisample,
GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile, GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info,
GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig,
GLX_SGIX_pbuffer, GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_swap_control
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
client glx version string: 1.4
client glx extensions:
GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
GLX_ARB_create_context_robustness, GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float,
GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB, GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample,
GLX_EXT_buffer_age, GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile,
GLX_EXT_fbconfig_packed_float, GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info,
GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer,
GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_make_current_read,
GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
GLX version: 1.4
GLX extensions:
GLX_ARB_create_context, GLX_ARB_create_context_profile,
GLX_ARB_fbconfig_float, GLX_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB,
GLX_ARB_get_proc_address, GLX_ARB_multisample,
GLX_EXT_create_context_es2_profile, GLX_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
GLX_EXT_import_context, GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap, GLX_EXT_visual_info,
GLX_EXT_visual_rating, GLX_INTEL_swap_event, GLX_MESA_copy_sub_buffer,
GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer,
GLX_MESA_swap_control, GLX_OML_swap_method, GLX_OML_sync_control,
GLX_SGIS_multisample, GLX_SGIX_fbconfig, GLX_SGIX_pbuffer,
GLX_SGIX_visual_select_group, GLX_SGI_make_current_read,
GLX_SGI_swap_control, GLX_SGI_video_sync
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ironlake Mobile
OpenGL version string: 2.1 Mesa 11.1.0-devel (git-afff809 2015-10-16 trusty-oibaf-ppa)
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.20
OpenGL extensions:
GL_3DFX_texture_compression_FXT1, GL_AMD_performance_monitor,
GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture, GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax,
GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3, GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5,
GL_APPLE_object_purgeable, GL_APPLE_packed_pixels,
GL_APPLE_vertex_array_object, GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility,
GL_ARB_buffer_storage, GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object, GL_ARB_clear_texture,
GL_ARB_clip_control, GL_ARB_color_buffer_float,
GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage, GL_ARB_copy_buffer,
GL_ARB_copy_image, GL_ARB_debug_output, GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float,
GL_ARB_depth_clamp, GL_ARB_depth_texture, GL_ARB_draw_buffers,
GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex, GL_ARB_draw_instanced,
GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location, GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location,
GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions, GL_ARB_fragment_program,
GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow, GL_ARB_fragment_shader,
GL_ARB_framebuffer_object, GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB,
GL_ARB_get_program_binary, GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image,
GL_ARB_half_float_pixel, GL_ARB_half_float_vertex,
GL_ARB_instanced_arrays, GL_ARB_internalformat_query,
GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata, GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment,
GL_ARB_map_buffer_range, GL_ARB_multi_bind, GL_ARB_multisample,
GL_ARB_multitexture, GL_ARB_occlusion_query, GL_ARB_occlusion_query2,
GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query, GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object,
GL_ARB_point_parameters, GL_ARB_point_sprite,
GL_ARB_program_interface_query, GL_ARB_provoking_vertex,
GL_ARB_robustness, GL_ARB_sampler_objects, GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map,
GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture, GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects,
GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding, GL_ARB_shader_objects,
GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod, GL_ARB_shading_language_100, GL_ARB_shadow,
GL_ARB_sync, GL_ARB_texture_barrier, GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp,
GL_ARB_texture_compression, GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc,
GL_ARB_texture_cube_map, GL_ARB_texture_env_add,
GL_ARB_texture_env_combine, GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar,
GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3, GL_ARB_texture_float,
GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge, GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat,
GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two, GL_ARB_texture_query_lod,
GL_ARB_texture_rectangle, GL_ARB_texture_rg, GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui,
GL_ARB_texture_storage, GL_ARB_texture_swizzle, GL_ARB_transpose_matrix,
GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra, GL_ARB_vertex_array_object,
GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding, GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object,
GL_ARB_vertex_program, GL_ARB_vertex_shader,
GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev, GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev,
GL_ARB_window_pos, GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate, GL_ATI_draw_buffers,
GL_ATI_separate_stencil, GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3,
GL_ATI_texture_float, GL_EXT_abgr, GL_EXT_bgra, GL_EXT_blend_color,
GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate, GL_EXT_blend_func_separate,
GL_EXT_blend_minmax, GL_EXT_blend_subtract, GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array,
GL_EXT_copy_texture, GL_EXT_draw_buffers2, GL_EXT_draw_instanced,
GL_EXT_draw_range_elements, GL_EXT_fog_coord, GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit,
GL_EXT_framebuffer_object, GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB,
GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters, GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays,
GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil, GL_EXT_packed_float, GL_EXT_packed_pixels,
GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object, GL_EXT_point_parameters,
GL_EXT_polygon_offset, GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp,
GL_EXT_provoking_vertex, GL_EXT_rescale_normal, GL_EXT_secondary_color,
GL_EXT_separate_specular_color, GL_EXT_shadow_funcs,
GL_EXT_stencil_two_side, GL_EXT_stencil_wrap, GL_EXT_subtexture,
GL_EXT_texture, GL_EXT_texture3D, GL_EXT_texture_array,
GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1, GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc,
GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc, GL_EXT_texture_cube_map,
GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp, GL_EXT_texture_env_add,
GL_EXT_texture_env_combine, GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3,
GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic, GL_EXT_texture_integer,
GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias, GL_EXT_texture_object, GL_EXT_texture_rectangle,
GL_EXT_texture_sRGB, GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode,
GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent, GL_EXT_texture_snorm,
GL_EXT_texture_swizzle, GL_EXT_timer_query, GL_EXT_vertex_array,
GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra, GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays,
GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip, GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat,
GL_INGR_blend_func_separate, GL_INTEL_performance_query,
GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_KHR_debug, GL_MESA_pack_invert,
GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba, GL_MESA_window_pos, GL_NV_blend_square,
GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_depth_clamp, GL_NV_light_max_exponent,
GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil, GL_NV_primitive_restart,
GL_NV_texgen_reflection, GL_NV_texture_barrier,
GL_NV_texture_env_combine4, GL_NV_texture_rectangle, GL_OES_EGL_image,
GL_OES_read_format, GL_S3_s3tc, GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap,
GL_SGIS_texture_border_clamp, GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp,
GL_SGIS_texture_lod, GL_SUN_multi_draw_arrays
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 2.0 Mesa 11.1.0-devel (git-afff809 2015-10-16 trusty-oibaf-ppa)
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 1.0.16
OpenGL ES profile extensions:
GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3, GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5,
GL_APPLE_texture_max_level, GL_EXT_blend_minmax,
GL_EXT_discard_framebuffer, GL_EXT_draw_buffers, GL_EXT_map_buffer_range,
GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays, GL_EXT_read_format_bgra,
GL_EXT_separate_shader_objects, GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1,
GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic, GL_EXT_texture_format_BGRA8888,
GL_EXT_texture_rg, GL_EXT_texture_type_2_10_10_10_REV,
GL_EXT_unpack_subimage, GL_INTEL_performance_query,
GL_KHR_context_flush_control, GL_NV_draw_buffers,
GL_NV_fbo_color_attachments, GL_NV_read_buffer, GL_NV_read_depth,
GL_NV_read_depth_stencil, GL_NV_read_stencil, GL_OES_EGL_image,
GL_OES_EGL_image_external, GL_OES_EGL_sync,
GL_OES_compressed_ETC1_RGB8_texture, GL_OES_depth24, GL_OES_depth_texture,
GL_OES_element_index_uint, GL_OES_fbo_render_mipmap,
GL_OES_get_program_binary, GL_OES_mapbuffer, GL_OES_packed_depth_stencil,
GL_OES_rgb8_rgba8, GL_OES_standard_derivatives, GL_OES_stencil8,
GL_OES_surfaceless_context, GL_OES_texture_3D, GL_OES_texture_float,
GL_OES_texture_float_linear, GL_OES_texture_half_float,
GL_OES_texture_half_float_linear, GL_OES_texture_npot,
GL_OES_vertex_array_object
24 GLX Visuals
visual x bf lv rg d st colorbuffer sr ax dp st accumbuffer ms cav
id dep cl sp sz l ci b ro r g b a F gb bf th cl r g b a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0x020 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x021 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x083 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x084 24 tc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x085 24 tc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x086 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x087 24 tc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x088 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x089 24 tc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x08a 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 16 0 0 Slow
0x08b 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x08c 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
0x08d 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x08e 24 dc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x08f 24 dc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x090 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x091 24 dc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x092 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x093 24 dc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x094 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x095 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 16 0 0 Slow
0x096 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x097 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
0x05e 32 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
36 GLXFBConfigs:
visual x bf lv rg d st colorbuffer sr ax dp st accumbuffer ms cav
id dep cl sp sz l ci b ro r g b a F gb bf th cl r g b a ns b eat
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0x05f 0 tc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x060 0 tc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x061 0 tc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x062 0 tc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x063 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x064 24 tc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x065 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x066 24 tc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x067 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x068 24 tc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x069 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x06a 24 tc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x06b 0 tc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x06c 0 tc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
0x06d 32 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x06e 24 tc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 16 0 0 Slow
0x06f 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x070 24 tc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
0x071 0 dc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x072 0 dc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x073 0 dc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x074 0 dc 0 16 0 r . . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x075 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x076 24 dc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x077 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x078 24 dc 0 32 0 r . . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x079 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x07a 24 dc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x07b 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x07c 24 dc 0 24 0 r . . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x07d 0 dc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x07e 0 dc 0 16 0 r y . 5 6 5 0 . . 0 16 0 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
0x07f 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x080 24 dc 0 32 0 r y . 8 8 8 8 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 16 0 0 Slow
0x081 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 None
0x082 24 dc 0 24 0 r y . 8 8 8 0 . . 0 24 8 16 16 16 0 0 0 Slow
答案1
这是最近更新灾难的一部分，但多年来很常见。显然，新的 lib* 文件与 OpenGl 和 steam 不兼容。这是 Ubuntu 端的错误，而不是 steam 端的错误。基本上修复不是标准化的，但我会从这个开始。
15.0+ 解决方法
因此进入此文件夹并执行以下操作（如果您只有 32 位系统，请忽略 x86_64）：
cd $HOME/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak
cd $HOME/.steam/steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
mv libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++.so.6.bak
14.02
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
也可以尝试：
rm ~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 \
~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 \
~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 \
~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 \
~/.local/share/Steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
14.04 文件...
rm ~/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
rm ~/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
rm ~/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
rm ~/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/amd64/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6
rm ~/.steam/ubuntu12_32/steam-runtime/i386/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1
接下来我会寻找
/SteamApps/common/[game name]/bin/ folder for libstdc++.so.6
并将其保存。
/steamapps/ 和 /.steam/ 都包含这些文件，我会在它们的文件夹中查找匹配的文件。lib* 文件的名称不断更新，因此很难找到哪个文件不兼容。确定这一点的快速方法是
答案2
您的显卡似乎与游戏不兼容。游戏至少需要 OpenGL 版本 3.1，而您的显卡提供的是 OpenGL 版本 2.1。
更准确地说，您的处理器和板载显卡是第五代（Ironlake）的，而 Dota 2 需要 Intel HD Graphics 3000，该显卡存在于第六代（Sandy Bridge）处理器中。所以您玩不了游戏。抱歉。