场景是：
我有一个运行 ubuntu 的 vps，上面有 nginx 和其他东西
我想把它做成一个自动安装程序，并可能将它保存在网上的某个地方，这样它就可以通过 curl、wget、apt-get 来访问（虽然不知道如何设置），但无论怎样
因此，当我使用新的 vps 或通过在同一台服务器上重新安装来刷新我的操作系统时，我只需自动安装所有内容，就像在两台服务器上一样：同一台服务器，或在任何其他服务器上
是的，我知道如果另一台服务器有不同的域名或 IP，我会从设置和其他内容中编辑它，但问题是如何简单地制作它的克隆类型包。
查询与操作系统本身以外的克隆有关
焦急地等待任何可以给我指明正确方向的人的回答！
注意：我不需要 bash 脚本，因为它将安装新的软件包，我想在新服务器上获取我修改过的软件包！
答案1
创建一个名为 setup.sh 的文件，并编写类似下面的内容。显然，添加要安装的软件包。然后，您可以通过执行以下操作来运行该脚本sudo sh /path/to/script。
笔记：我使用的aptitude install是 而不是apt-get install但您可以使用其中任意一个。
#/bin/bash
# Updates Repo #
####################
sudo aptitude update
####################
# Upgrades The System #
########################
sudo aptitude upgrade -y
########################
# Mysql #
########################################################
sudo aptitude install mysql-server libmysqlclient-dev -y
########################################################
# Zip and Unzip #
###################################
sudo aptitude install zip unzip -y
###################################
# SMART #
######################################
sudo aptitude install smartmontools -y
######################################
# Webmin #
######################################################################
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
sudo touch Webmin.list
sudo printf 'deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib' > Webmin.list
sudo chown root: Webmin.list
sudo chmod 644 Webmin.list
cd /root
sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc
sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude upgrade -y
sudo aptitude install webmin -y
#######################################################################
# Dependencies for Ruby #
#####################################################
sudo aptitude install openssl curl git-core nodejs -y
#####################################################
# Imagemagick #
####################################
sudo aptitude install imagemagick -y
####################################
# Apache #
############################################
sudo aptitude install apache2 apache2-dev -y
############################################
# Networking #
######################################
sudo aptitude install ifenslave-2.6 -y
######################################
# Passenger #
#######################################################################
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 561F9B9CAC40B2F7
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
touch Passenger.list
sudo printf 'deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger trusty main' > Passenger.list
sudo chown root: Passenger.list
sudo chmod 644 Passenger.list
cd /root
sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-passenger -y
sudo a2enmod passenger
sudo service apache2 restart
#######################################################################
# Samba #
##############################
sudo aptitude install samba -y
##############################
答案2
这是一个 bash 脚本的示例，我认为它将有助于解决您的问题。
首先设置一个如下所示的文件夹/文件结构：
- 设置 [这是一个文件夹]
- Setup.sh [这是一个文件]
- apache.conf [这是一个文件]
自定义后，Setup.sh通过执行以下操作来运行文件sudo sh /path/to/Setup.shapache2.conf file
安装脚本
# Install apache2 for this example
sudo apt-get install apache2 -y
# Change the default config file to your custom one
cat apache.conf > /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
apache2.conf
# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.
# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
# /etc/apache2/
# |-- apache2.conf
# | `-- ports.conf
# |-- mods-enabled
# | |-- *.load
# | `-- *.conf
# |-- conf-enabled
# | `-- *.conf
# `-- sites-enabled
# `-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
# together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
# web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
# supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
# customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
# directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
# global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
# respectively.
#
# They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
# respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
# helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
# their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
# the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
# /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
# work with the default configuration.
# Global configuration
#
#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"
#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default
#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}
#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300
#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On
#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5
# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}
#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn
# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf
# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf
# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
</Directory>
<Directory /usr/share>
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory /var/www/>
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
#<Directory /srv/>
# Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
# AllowOverride None
# Require all granted
#</Directory>
# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.
# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf
# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet