安装多个 deb 文件,同时尊重它们的依赖关系

安装多个 deb 文件,同时尊重它们的依赖关系

支持离线安装多个.deb文件,我正在使用:

sudo dpkg -i dependencies/*.deb

我注意到一些包裹使用此方法失败因为他们安装的顺序

例如,mariadb-server-5.5这是我安装及其依赖项 时发生的情况:

这些是文件

这是错误

如何在安装*.deb文件的同时尊重其依赖关系?

  • 我试图避免设置本地存储库,因为它更难维护。
  • 作为一种解决方法,我运行了dpkg -i *.deb两次命令。

答案1

拓扑排序(通过脚本)

命令dpkg -i packages/*.deb 有问题- 没有正确遵循软件包的安装顺序(即使您提供了所有必需的软件包)。

自定义脚本来统治它们

假设你的 Debian 发行版已安装 Python(我的是 ubuntu 14.04 LTS 并且附带python27

除了离线 .debpackages目录之外,还提供了一个脚本;

  • 提取元数据并拓扑排序所有候选包
  • 用于dpkg -i按正确顺序安装已排序的软件包

例如,执行此命令来安装所有预先收集的离线包

sudo python install.py
  • 你的目录结构应该是这样的

    在此处输入图片描述


安装.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os
import re
import subprocess
import logging

import sys

rootLogger = logging.getLogger()
rootLogger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
consoleHandler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
consoleHandler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s"))
rootLogger.addHandler(consoleHandler)

SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))


class TopologicalSort(object):
    def __init__(self, dependency_map):
        self._dependency_map = dependency_map
        self._already_processed = set()

    def _get_dependencies(self, item, root=None):

        if not root:
            root = item

        elif root == item:
            logging.warn("circular dependency detected in '{}'".format(item))
            raise StopIteration()

        dependencies = self._dependency_map.get(item, [])
        for dependency in dependencies:

            if dependency in self._already_processed:
                continue

            self._already_processed.add(dependency)

            for sub_dependency in self._get_dependencies(dependency, root=root):
                yield sub_dependency

            yield dependency

    def sort(self):
        # Reduction, connect all nodes to a dummy node and re-calculate
        special_package_id = 'topological-sort-special-node'
        self._dependency_map[special_package_id] = self._dependency_map.keys()
        sorted_dependencies = self._get_dependencies(special_package_id)
        sorted_dependencies = list(sorted_dependencies)
        del self._dependency_map[special_package_id]

        # Remove "noise" dependencies (only referenced, not declared)
        sorted_dependencies = filter(lambda x: x in self._dependency_map, sorted_dependencies)
        return sorted_dependencies


class DebianPackage(object):
    def __init__(self, file_path):
        metadata = subprocess.check_output('dpkg -I {}'.format(file_path), shell=True)
        metadata = metadata.replace('\n ', '\n')
        self._metadata = metadata
        self.id = self._get('Package')
        self.dependencies = list(self._get_dependencies())
        self.file_path = file_path

    def _get_dependencies(self):
        dependencies = self._get('Depends') + ',' + self._get('Pre-Depends')
        dependencies = re.split(r',|\|', dependencies)
        dependencies = map(lambda x: re.sub(r'\(.*\)|:any', '', x).strip(), dependencies)
        dependencies = filter(lambda x: x, dependencies)
        dependencies = set(dependencies)
        for dependency in dependencies:
            yield dependency

    def _get(self, key):
        search = re.search(r'\n{key}:(.*)\n[A-Z]'.format(key=key), self._metadata)
        return search.group(1).strip() if search else ''


def sort_debian_packages(directory_path):
    file_names = os.listdir(directory_path)
    debian_packages = {}
    dependency_map = {}
    for file_name in file_names:

        file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, file_name)

        if not os.path.isfile(file_path):
            continue

        debian_package = DebianPackage(file_path)
        debian_packages[debian_package.id] = debian_package
        dependency_map[debian_package.id] = debian_package.dependencies

    sorted_dependencies = TopologicalSort(dependency_map).sort()
    sorted_dependencies = map(lambda package_id: debian_packages[package_id].file_path, sorted_dependencies)
    return sorted_dependencies


def main():
    # ------------------
    # Sort the packages using topological sort

    packages_dir_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, 'packages')
    logging.info('sorting packages in "{}" using topological sort ...'.format(packages_dir_path))
    sorted_packages = sort_debian_packages(packages_dir_path)

    # ------------------
    # Install the packages in the sorted order

    for index, package_file_path in enumerate(sorted_packages):
        command = 'dpkg -i {}'.format(package_file_path)
        logging.info('executing "{}" ...'.format(command))
        subprocess.check_call(command, shell=True)


if __name__ == '__main__':

    if os.geteuid() != 0:
        logging.error('must be run as root')
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        main()
    except:
        logging.error('failed to install packages', exc_info=True)
        sys.exit(1)

答案2

您可以尝试使用 -R 并安装选项:

sudo dpkg -R --install dependencies/

-R递归处理在特定目录及其所有子目录中找到的所有与模式 *.deb 匹配的常规文件

答案3

我不是 dpkg 专家,但是它的--force-depends标志似乎有效。

我将确保首先使用dkpg-deb -I <package.deb>或更好的方式满足所有依赖关系,对.deb当前文件夹中的每个依赖关系进行递归:

ls -1 -d "$PWD"/* | xargs --max-lines=1 dpkg-deb -I | grep --only-matching --perl-regexp "(?<=Depends: ).*" | sed -z 's/, /\n/g' | sort | uniq -u

如果所有这些依赖项都包含在 pwd 中或已安装在系统中,则只需使用以下命令.debs在 pwd 中安装所有内容:

dpkg --force-depends -i ./*

要了解有关强制标志的更多信息:

man dpkg --force-help

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