我对这一切都很陌生。我尝试在 Ubuntu Server 16.04TLS 上设置 Postfix
我的情况需要使用中继服务器发送外部邮件
主文件：
#RELAY STUFF
#enable SASL authentication
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
# disallow methods that allow anonymous authentication.
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
# where to find sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# Enable STARTTLS encryption
smtp_use_tls = yes
# where to find CA certificates
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
smtp_tls_wrappermode = yes
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
relayhost = [mailgate.myisp.net]:465
此配置工作正常，我可以在本地以及其他域发送和接收邮件。
然而，当我尝试使用以下命令行激活 Amavis 时：
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
我的日志中出现错误：
Dec 20 13:21:41 iserv postfix/qmgr[4628]: 54AFB8408F7: from=<[email protected]>, size=358, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Dec 20 13:21:41 iserv postfix/smtp[4678]: SSL_connect error to 127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024: -1
Dec 20 13:21:41 iserv postfix/smtp[4678]: warning: TLS library problem: error:140770FC:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown protocol:s23_clnt.c:794:
Dec 20 13:21:41 iserv postfix/smtp[4678]: 54AFB8408F7: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=33, delays=33/0.03/0.01/0, dsn=4.7.5, status=deferred (Cannot start TLS: handshake failure)
Dec 20 13:21:44 iserv postfix/smtpd[4674]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 mail=1 rcpt=1 data=1 quit=1 commands=5smtp[7450]: warning: TLS library problem: error:140770FC:SSL routines:SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO:unknown protocol:s23_clnt.c:794:
有人知道这个问题的解决方案吗？看来 postfix 也尝试将 TLS 与 Amavis 一起使用。
在我的 Master.cf 上我尝试：
amavis unix - - - - 2 smtp
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - - - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks
正如你所见，我尝试使用以下方法覆盖 amavis
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
我也尝试修改 smtps：
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtp_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
-o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
现在我收到这些错误：
Dec 20 17:06:05 iserv postfix/smtpd[11186]: connect from localhost[::1]
Dec 20 17:06:41 iserv postfix/smtpd[11186]: DA28F840BD8: client=localhost[::1]
Dec 20 17:06:51 iserv postfix/cleanup[11190]: DA28F840BD8: message-id=<[email protected]>
Dec 20 17:06:51 iserv postfix/qmgr[11142]: DA28F840BD8: from=<[email protected]>, size=333, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Dec 20 17:06:51 iserv postfix/smtp[11191]: warning: smtp_tls_wrappermode requires "smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt" (or stronger)
Dec 20 17:06:51 iserv postfix/smtp[11191]: DA28F840BD8: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=22, delays=22/0.02/0/0, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (server unavailable or unable to receive mail)
Dec 20 17:07:32 iserv postfix/smtpd[11186]: 79388840BDA: client=localhost[::1]
Dec 20 17:07:41 iserv postfix/cleanup[11190]: 79388840BDA: message-id=<[email protected]>
Dec 20 17:07:41 iserv postfix/qmgr[11142]: 79388840BDA: from=<[email protected]>, size=334, nrcpt=1 (queue active)
Dec 20 17:07:41 iserv postfix/smtp[11191]: warning: smtp_tls_wrappermode requires "smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt" (or stronger)
Dec 20 17:07:41 iserv postfix/smtp[11191]: 79388840BDA: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=20, delays=20/0/0/0, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (server unavailable or unable to receive mail)
Dec 20 17:07:44 iserv postfix/smtpd[11186]: disconnect from localhost[::1] ehlo=1 mail=2/3 rcpt=2 data=2 quit=1 commands=8/9
如果我删除 amavis
#content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
那么一切就都好了！
附言：如果我不设置中继服务器并使用我在整个网络上找到的 Amavis 的“默认”值，那么除了向外部域发送邮件之外，一切都可以正常工作。
经过更多搜索，似乎这是
smpt_tls_wrappermode=yes
选项会破坏一切。如果没有它，我的邮件服务器可以工作，但在尝试与中继服务器通信时会收到错误：
Dec 20 19:43:36 iserv postfix/smtp[18270]: SMTPS wrappermode (TCP port 465) requires setting "smtp_tls_wrappermode = yes", and "smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt" (or stronger)
Dec 20 19:44:36 iserv postfix/smtp[18270]: 9BBD5840C1C: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mailgate.myisp.net[62.103.147.202]:465, delay=60, delays=0/0.03/60/0, dsn=4.4.2, status=deferred (conversation with mailgate.myisp.net[XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX] timed out while receiving the initial server greeting)
有什么帮助吗？
目前我完全迷路了。谢谢！
答案1
好的，如果其他人遇到同样的问题，可以作为将来的参考：
1) 您必须在 main.cf 上使用 smtp_tls_wrappermode =yes 和 smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt 2) 您必须在 AMAVIS 和 master.cf 上的 127.0.0.1:10025 服务上覆盖这两个设置
因此，目前我的 main.cf 文件如下所示：
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
biff = no
append_dot_mydomain = no
readme_directory = no
myhostname = mail.mydomain.gr
myorigin = mydomain.gr
mydestination =
masquerade_domains = mail.mydomain.gr www.mydomain.gr
relayhost = [mailgate.myisp.gr]:465
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128
mynetworks_style = host
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
local_recipient_maps =
alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases
virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual
virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf
virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf
virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf
virtual_uid_maps = static:5000
virtual_gid_maps = static:5000
# transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf
content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024
delay_warning_time = 4h
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450
maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d
minimal_backoff_time = 1000s
maximal_backoff_time = 8000s
smtp_helo_timeout = 90s
# smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtp_tls_wrappermode = yes
smtp_tls_security_level = encrypt
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
# smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
smtpd_helo_required = yes
smtpd_recipient_limit = 16
smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3
smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12
smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit
smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023, permit
smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination
smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl
smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_path = smtpd
smtpd_use_tls=no
smtpd_tls_security_level = may
# smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.cert
smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/postfix/postfix.key
# smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtpd_delay_reject = yes
disable_vrfy_command = yes
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
我的maps.cf文件如下所示：
smtp inet n - y - - smtpd
#smtp inet n - y - 1 postscreen
#smtpd pass - - y - - smtpd
#dnsblog unix - - y - 0 dnsblog
#tlsproxy unix - - y - 0 tlsproxy
submission inet n - y - - smtpd
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous,noplaintext
-o smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options=noanonymous
# -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
# -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
smtps inet n - y - - smtpd
# -o smtp_use_tls=yes
-o smtp_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtp_tls_security_level=encrypt
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_tls_auth_only=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
-o smtpd_sasl_security_options=noanonymous,noplaintext
-o smtpd_sasl_tls_security_options=noanonymous
# -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
# -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
# -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
# -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
# -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
# -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
# -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
# -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628 inet n - y - - qmqpd
pickup unix n - y 60 1 pickup
-o content_filter=
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks
cleanup unix n - y - 0 cleanup
qmgr unix n - n 300 1 qmgr
#qmgr unix n - n 300 1 oqmgr
tlsmgr unix - - y 1000? 1 tlsmgr
rewrite unix - - y - - trivial-rewrite
bounce unix - - y - 0 bounce
defer unix - - y - 0 bounce
trace unix - - y - 0 bounce
verify unix - - y - 1 verify
flush unix n - y 1000? 0 flush
proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap
proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap
smtp unix - - y - - smtp
relay unix - - y - - smtp
# -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq unix n - y - - showq
error unix - - y - - error
retry unix - - y - - error
discard unix - - y - - discard
local unix - n n - - local
virtual unix - n n - - virtual
lmtp unix - - y - - lmtp
anvil unix - - y - 1 anvil
scache unix - - y - 1 scache
#
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual
# pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants.
#
# Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery
# agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient}
# and other message envelope options.
# ====================================================================
#
# maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details.
# Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
# lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
# virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
#cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
# Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
uucp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
#
# Other external delivery methods.
#
ifmail unix - n n - - pipe
flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe
flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient
scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe
flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
mailman unix - n n - - pipe
flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
${nexthop} ${user}
#
#FOR AMAVISD
amavis unix - - y - 2 smtp
-o smtp_tls_security_level=none
-o smtp_tls_wrappermode=no
# -o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
-o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200
-o smtp_send_xforward_command=yes
-o disable_dns_lookups=yes
-o max_use=20
#
127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - y - - smtpd
-o content_filter=
-o smtpd_tls_security_level=none
-o smtp_tls_wrappermode=no
# -o smtp_tls_security_level=none
-o local_recipient_maps=
-o relay_recipient_maps=
-o smtpd_restriction_classes=
-o smtpd_delay_reject=no
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_helo_restrictions=
-o smtpd_sender_restrictions=
-o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject
-o smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining
-o smtpd_end_of_data_restrictions=
-o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8
-o smtpd_error_sleep_time=0
-o smtpd_soft_error_limit=1001
-o smtpd_hard_error_limit=1000
-o smtpd_client_connection_count_limit=0
-o smtpd_client_connection_rate_limit=0
-o receive_override_options=no_header_body_checks,no_unknown_recipient_checks
现在，端口 465 上的中继主机的 SMTPS 和 Amavis 均可正常工作。
答案2
它不是... smtpd_tls_wrappermodesmtp_tls_wrappermode
因此使用
smtpd_tls_wrappermode = yes