我的硬盘坏了。我买了一个新的硬盘，现在我正试图从旧硬盘中恢复我的旧主目录 (Ubuntu 14.04)。我可以毫无问题地安装它，但我的主目录是用 ecryptfs 加密的，我无法安装它（可能是因为驱动器已损坏）。
我现在正在使用实时 USB，并尝试使用本指南。“捷径”不起作用，出现以下错误：
user@lubuntu:~$ ecryptfs-mount-private
Enter your login passphrase:
Inserted auth tok with sig [xxxxxxxxxxx] into the user session keyring
open: Permission denied
Error locking counter
“长”版本也不起作用：
lubuntu@lubuntu:~$ sudo mount -t ecryptfs /tmp/ecryptfs.CP9YxtzK/.ecryptfs/user/.Private /home/user
Passphrase:
Select cipher:
1) aes: blocksize = 16; min keysize = 16; max keysize = 32
2) blowfish: blocksize = 8; min keysize = 16; max keysize = 56
3) des3_ede: blocksize = 8; min keysize = 24; max keysize = 24
4) twofish: blocksize = 16; min keysize = 16; max keysize = 32
5) cast6: blocksize = 16; min keysize = 16; max keysize = 32
6) cast5: blocksize = 8; min keysize = 5; max keysize = 16
Selection [aes]: aes
Select key bytes:
1) 16
2) 32
3) 24
Selection [16]: 16
Enable plaintext passthrough (y/n) [n]: n
Enable filename encryption (y/n) [n]: y
Filename Encryption Key (FNEK) Signature [yyyyyyyyyy]: xxxxxxxxxx
Attempting to mount with the following options:
ecryptfs_unlink_sigs
ecryptfs_fnek_sig=xxxxxxxxxx
ecryptfs_key_bytes=16
ecryptfs_cipher=aes
ecryptfs_sig=yyyyyyyyyy
WARNING: Based on the contents of [/root/.ecryptfs/sig-cache.txt],
it looks like you have never mounted with this key
before. This could mean that you have typed your
passphrase wrong.
Would you like to proceed with the mount (yes/no)? : yes
Would you like to append sig [yyyyyyyyy] to
[/root/.ecryptfs/sig-cache.txt]
in order to avoid this warning in the future (yes/no)? : yes
Successfully appended new sig to user sig cache file
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /tmp/ecryptfs.CP9YxtzK/.ecryptfs/user/.Private,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail or so
Error mounting eCryptfs: [-1] Operation not permitted
Check your system logs; visit <http://ecryptfs.org/support.html>
dmesg 输出以下条目：
[ 730.561447] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786440
[ 730.561789] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786439
[ 734.636311] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786439
[ 734.748038] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786889
[ 778.327144] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786439
[ 778.435321] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786889
[ 797.091759] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786439
[ 797.192579] Valid eCryptfs headers not found in file header region or xattr region, inode 786889
[ 1462.402354] Mount on filesystem of type eCryptfs explicitly disallowed due to known incompatibilities
并且系统日志包含以下内容：
Dec 29 08:16:36 lubuntu mount.ecryptfs: Failed to perform eCryptfs mount: [-32]
Dec 29 08:16:36 lubuntu kernel: [ 1462.402354] Mount on filesystem of type eCryptfs explicitly disallowed due to known incompatibilities
Dec 29 08:16:36 lubuntu kernel: [ 1462.402448] Reading sb failed; rc = [-22]
我做错了什么吗？还是我的 ecryptfs home 因磁盘损坏而消失了？
谢谢！
附言：我确实有主要文件的备份，但恢复整个目录会更好……
答案1
在 USB 实时重启后，我设法使用“捷径”检索数据。它给了我一个“Ecryptfs 错误锁定计数器”，但我通过在 /etc/fstab（在 chrooted 环境中）中添加 tmpfs 条目解决了这个问题，如所述这里。到目前为止，硬盘似乎没有问题。我把这个留在这里以防有人遇到类似的问题。