Ubuntu 16.10，内核 4.8.0.45-通用
我连接了一个外部硬盘。它配置了 ext4 文件系统。它上面有 600 GB 的重要家庭照片和视频。我有它的备份，所以我们不会面临丢失所有数据的危险。这是一个相当新的（大约 18 个月前购买的）5TB 硬盘。
最近，每当我尝试从该驱动器复制或移动文件时，系统都会显示此错误消息：“错误代码 9：文件描述符错误”。仅当该驱动器是复制或移动的源时才会发生这种情况 - 当我尝试从其他源/驱动器复制或移动文件时，我不会收到该错误。
我猜是驱动器出了问题，但我不能确定。我已经在驱动器上运行了 fsck（通过 gparted）。第一次它报告了无数错误，但它说它能够修复所有错误。之后我又重复运行了几次 fsck，每次都报告没有问题。从那时起，我的问题就消失了。但我担心的是，我怎么知道这只是一个幸运的、暂时的缓解？
我如何才能确定外部硬盘是否出现故障？
如果是，我如何确定只需重新格式化并将数据复制回去就可以了，而不是必须更换它？
或者.....我的猜测不正确，并且我的问题的描述表明其他地方存在错误？
谢谢。
这是运行 smartctl 命令的结果，我不知道如何解释这些结果（“WHEN_FAILED”列中只有破折号）：
main1@system1:~$ sudo smartctl -a -d sat /dev/sdi [sudo] password for main1: smartctl 6.6 2016-05-31 r4324 [x86_64-linux-4.8.0-45-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Western Digital Green Device Model: WDC WD60EZRX-11MVLB1 Serial Number: WD-WX21DC42E2TP LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 2b6db3009 Firmware Version:
80.00A80 User Capacity: 6,001,141,572,096 bytes [6.00 TB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate: 5700 rpm Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ACS-2, ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s) Local Time is: Tue Apr 4 20:24:33 2017 CDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 4064) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 694) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes. SCT capabilities:
(0x3035) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 1
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 202 187 021 Pre-fail Always - 8883
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3408
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 089 089 000 Old_age Always - 8454
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3405
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 196 196 000 Old_age Always - 3259
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 076 076 000 Old_age Always - 372574
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 102 093 000 Old_age Always - 50
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
main1@system1:~$
答案1
确保备份时不会覆盖任何以前的备份——您可能已经丢失了一些文件，因此旧备份可能是您的唯一来源。安装 smartmontools 包
sudo apt-get install smartmontools
然后对有问题的磁盘运行磁盘检查（下面使用的 sdb，使用你的系统为该设备提供的磁盘：
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdb
将结果发布到您的问题中，以获取有关磁盘健康状况的进一步意见。查看“失败时”列以查看是否有任何内容。
驱动器上没有报告任何错误，因此问题可能不是硬件。 fsck 可以“修复”许多错误，也许您最好重新格式化并从备份中恢复。不过，请确保您可以先读取备份！