我在 MacBook Pro 上运行 Ubuntu 16.04。每当我尝试执行与包管理相关的任何操作时，都会看到很多奇怪的错误。它们似乎与内核有关。
root@danielhep-Ubuntu:/home/danielhep# sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
linux-image-4.8.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.8.0-36-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
9 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 234 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 217741 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing linux-image-extra-4.8.0-36-generic (4.8.0-36.36~16.04.1) ...
depmod: FATAL: could not load /boot/System.map-4.8.0-36-generic: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/apt-auto-removal 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/dkms 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 4.8.0-36-generic cannot be found.
Please install the linux-headers-4.8.0-36-generic package,
or use the --kernelsourcedir option to tell DKMS where it's located
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/4.8.0-36-generic
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/4.8.0-36-generic: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_sZRs08/lib/modules/4.8.0-36-generic/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_sZRs08/lib/modules/4.8.0-36-generic/modules.builtin: No such file or directory
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/pm-utils 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/unattended-upgrades 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/update-notifier 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of `/boot/grub2/DejaVuSansMono.pf2'.
No path or device is specified.
Usage: grub-probe [OPTION...] [OPTION]... [PATH|DEVICE]
Try 'grub-probe --help' or 'grub-probe --usage' for more information.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 64
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-extra-4.8.0-36-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Removing linux-image-4.8.0-36-generic (4.8.0-36.36~16.04.1) ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
update-initramfs: Deleting /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-36-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 4.8.0-36-generic /boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-36-generic
Generating grub configuration file ...
/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of `/boot/grub2/DejaVuSansMono.pf2'.
No path or device is specified.
Usage: grub-probe [OPTION...] [OPTION]... [PATH|DEVICE]
Try 'grub-probe --help' or 'grub-probe --usage' for more information.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 64
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postrm.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-4.8.0-36-generic.postrm line 328.
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-4.8.0-36-generic (--remove):
subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
linux-image-extra-4.8.0-36-generic
linux-image-4.8.0-36-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
即使我安装完全不相关的软件包，也会遇到这样的问题。
以及 df -i 和 -h：
root@danielhep-Ubuntu:/home/danielhep# df -i
Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
udev 2032866 638 2032228 1% /dev
tmpfs 2038163 887 2037276 1% /run
/dev/sda5 2088960 246539 1842421 12% /
tmpfs 2038163 352 2037811 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 2038163 5 2038158 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 2038163 16 2038147 1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 0 0 0 - /boot/efi
tmpfs 2038163 31 2038132 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda4 21953384 128805 21824579 1% /media/danielhep/BOOTCAMP
root@danielhep-Ubuntu:/home/danielhep# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.6G 9.6M 1.6G 1% /run
/dev/sda5 32G 11G 20G 35% /
tmpfs 7.8G 471M 7.4G 6% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 40M 157M 21% /boot/efi
tmpfs 1.6G 64K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sda4 49G 28G 21G 57% /media/danielhep/BOOTCAMP
答案1
我按照此处提供的说明解决了该问题：https://askubuntu.com/a/652077/682591
使用以下软件包：
linux-image-4.8.0-49-generic
linux-image-extra-4.8.0-49-generic
linux-image-generic-hwe-16.04
linux-generic-hwe-16.04
linux-signed-image-4.8.0-49-generic
linux-signed-image-generic-hwe-16.04
linux-signed-generic-hwe-16.04