我刚刚在一台 DELL T5810 机器上安装了 Ubuntu-16.04 64 位。但是它的集成网卡 ( enp0s25) 无法获取 IP 地址（我从 grub 禁用了 IPv6）。
以下是一些参考信息。
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.4.0-78-generic (buildd@lgw01-11) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.4) ) #99-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 27 15:29:09 UTC 2017
$ sudo lshw -C network
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: Ethernet Connection I217-LM
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 19
bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0
logical name: enp0s25
version: 05
serial: 48:4d:7e:fb:21:4f
size: 1Gbit/s
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k duplex=full firmware=0.13-4 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
resources: irq:30 memory:f7100000-f711ffff memory:f7139000-f7139fff ioport:f020(size=32)
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
physical id: 1
logical name: enxec65dfc65da3
serial: ec:65:df:c6:5d:a3
size: 100Mbit/s
capacity: 100Mbit/s
capabilities: ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=asix driverversion=22-Dec-2011 duplex=full firmware=ASIX AX88772 USB 2.0 Ethernet ip=10.241.7.59 link=yes multicast=yes port=MII speed=100Mbit/s
$ ifconfig -a
enp0s25 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 48:4d:7e:fb:21:4f
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:6055 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:65 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:477671 (477.6 KB) TX bytes:22490 (22.4 KB)
Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000
enxec65dfc65da3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr ec:65:df:c6:5d:a3
inet addr:10.241.7.59 Bcast:10.241.7.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:34383 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:19812 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:44861383 (44.8 MB) TX bytes:1621835 (1.6 MB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:3308 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3308 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:298338 (298.3 KB) TX bytes:298338 (298.3 KB)
$ sudo ethtool enp0s25
Settings for enp0s25:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Speed: 1000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 1
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: on (auto)
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: g
Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
drv probe link
Link detected: yes
您有什么想法或建议吗？
=====================更新 1===========================
我曾经使用 tcpdump 捕获过该网卡的数据包
root@T5810b:~# tcpdump -ni enp0s25
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on enp0s25, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
11:40:22.283792 ARP, Request who-has 10.243.61.22 tell 10.243.61.1, length 46
11:40:22.285398 ARP, Request who-has 10.243.61.22 tell 10.243.61.1, length 46
11:40:22.348085 STP 802.1d, Config, Flags [none], bridge-id 803d.5c:a4:8a:35:ca:00.8095, length 43
11:40:22.565028 IP 10.244.13.62.137 > 10.244.13.255.137: NBT UDP PACKET(137): QUERY; REQUEST; BROADCAST
11:40:22.706688 IP 10.244.13.62.138 > 10.244.13.255.138: NBT UDP PACKET(138)
11:40:23.200992 IP6 fe80::e4f9:1574:ad7d:2108.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
11:40:23.272773 IP 10.244.13.49.58874 > 255.255.255.255.1947: UDP, length 40
11:40:23.315121 IP 10.244.13.62.137 > 10.244.13.255.137: NBT UDP PACKET(137): QUERY; REQUEST; BROADCAST
11:40:23.503186 ARP, Request who-has 10.243.61.26 tell 10.243.61.1, length 46
11:40:23.507010 ARP, Request who-has 10.243.61.26 tell 10.243.61.1, length 46
11:40:24.311873 IP6 fe80::35d8:f19e:9a29:998d.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
11:40:24.345363 STP 802.1d, Config, Flags [none], bridge-id 803d.5c:a4:8a:35:ca:00.8095, length 43
11:40:24.355285 IP6 fe80::197:e752:e5de:9d78.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
=====================更新 2============================
你好，大卫，我重新检查了你的脚本并编辑了一些私人信息。
https://pastebin.com/Y1WujBgg
可以帮忙看一下吗？
=====================更新 3============================
为了检查并确认硬件和网络基础设施，我尝试安装 Ubuntu-12.04 和 Ubuntu-14.04，它们都可以工作——它们的 NIC eth0 可以在默认安装时获取 IPv4 地址。
以下是 Ubuntu-14.04 的 ifconfig 输出：
user@T5810b:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 48:4d:7e:fb:21:4f
inet addr:10.241.7.58 Bcast:10.241.7.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::4a4d:7eff:fefb:214f/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:37588 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:4800 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:54487740 (54.4 MB) TX bytes:431458 (431.4 KB)
Interrupt:20 Memory:f7100000-f7120000