如何传递POST参数在浏览器中打开网页？

Question 1

您创建一个临时的自动提交 HTML 页面，将浏览器指向该页面，几秒钟后，您删除临时 HTML 文件，因为不再需要它。以脚本形式：

#!/bin/bash

# Create an autodeleted temporary directory.
Work="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
trap "cd / ; rm -rf '$Work'" EXIT

# Create a HTML page with the POST data fields,
# and have it auto-submit when the page loads.
cat > "$Work/load.html" <<END
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>&hellip;</title>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <script type="text/javascript">
   function dosubmit() { document.forms[0].submit(); }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="dosubmit();">
  <form action="https://www.startpage.com/do/asearch" method="POST" accept-charset="utf-8">
   <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="web">
   <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="process_search">
   <input type="hidden" name="language" value="english">
   <input type="hidden" name="engine0" value="v1all">
   <input type="hidden" name="query" value="&#34;Nominal Animal&#34;">
  </form>
 </body>
</html>
END

# Load the generated file in the browser.
firefox "file://$Work/load.html"

# Firefox returns immediately, so we want to give it a couple
# of seconds to actually read the page we generated,
# before we exit (and our page vanishes).
sleep 2

让我们更改上面的内容，以便对命令行上提供的任何字符串进行 StartPage 搜索：

#!/bin/bash

# Create an autodeleted temporary directory.
Work="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
trap "cd / ; rm -rf '$Work'" EXIT

# Convert all command-line attributes to a single query,
# escaping the important characters.
rawAmp='&'   ; escAmp='&amp;'
rawLt='<'    ; escLt='&lt;'
rawGt='>'    ; escGt='&gt;'
rawQuote='"' ; escQuote='&#34;'
QUERY="$*"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawAmp/$escAmp}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawQuote/$escQuote}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawLt/$escLt}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawGt/$escGt}"

# Create a HTML page with the POST data fields,
# and have it auto-submit when the page loads.
cat > "$Work/load.html" <<END
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>&hellip;</title>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <script type="text/javascript">
   function dosubmit() { document.forms[0].submit(); }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="dosubmit();">
  <form action="https://www.startpage.com/do/asearch" method="POST" accept-charset="utf-8">
   <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="web">
   <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="process_search">
   <input type="hidden" name="language" value="english">
   <input type="hidden" name="engine0" value="v1all">
   <input type="hidden" name="query" value="$QUERY">
  </form>
 </body>
</html>
END

# Load the generated file in the browser.
firefox "file://$Work/load.html"

# Firefox returns immediately, so we want to give it a couple
# of seconds to actually read the page we generated,
# before we exit (and our page vanishes).
sleep 2

&所改变的只是我们使用 Bash 字符串操作来替换each with &、each "with "、each <with<和each >with的块>，以便可以将查询字符串安全地写入value名为的隐藏输入的属性query。（这四个就足够了。首先执行＆符号也很重要，因为后续替换包含＆符号。因为我们将其作为价值对于隐藏输入，查询字符串不是 url 编码的；它只是普通的 HTML 内容，但没有双引号（因为值本身在双引号中）。）

自动提交 POST 请求的缺点是，您可能需要时不时地更新自动提交 HTML 页面，因为网站可以随时更改 POST 变量命名和内部 URL。

Answer

您创建一个临时的自动提交 HTML 页面，将浏览器指向该页面，几秒钟后，您删除临时 HTML 文件，因为不再需要它。以脚本形式：

#!/bin/bash

# Create an autodeleted temporary directory.
Work="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
trap "cd / ; rm -rf '$Work'" EXIT

# Create a HTML page with the POST data fields,
# and have it auto-submit when the page loads.
cat > "$Work/load.html" <<END
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>&hellip;</title>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <script type="text/javascript">
   function dosubmit() { document.forms[0].submit(); }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="dosubmit();">
  <form action="https://www.startpage.com/do/asearch" method="POST" accept-charset="utf-8">
   <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="web">
   <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="process_search">
   <input type="hidden" name="language" value="english">
   <input type="hidden" name="engine0" value="v1all">
   <input type="hidden" name="query" value="&#34;Nominal Animal&#34;">
  </form>
 </body>
</html>
END

# Load the generated file in the browser.
firefox "file://$Work/load.html"

# Firefox returns immediately, so we want to give it a couple
# of seconds to actually read the page we generated,
# before we exit (and our page vanishes).
sleep 2

让我们更改上面的内容，以便对命令行上提供的任何字符串进行 StartPage 搜索：

#!/bin/bash

# Create an autodeleted temporary directory.
Work="$(mktemp -d)" || exit 1
trap "cd / ; rm -rf '$Work'" EXIT

# Convert all command-line attributes to a single query,
# escaping the important characters.
rawAmp='&'   ; escAmp='&amp;'
rawLt='<'    ; escLt='&lt;'
rawGt='>'    ; escGt='&gt;'
rawQuote='"' ; escQuote='&#34;'
QUERY="$*"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawAmp/$escAmp}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawQuote/$escQuote}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawLt/$escLt}"
QUERY="${QUERY//$rawGt/$escGt}"

# Create a HTML page with the POST data fields,
# and have it auto-submit when the page loads.
cat > "$Work/load.html" <<END
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>&hellip;</title>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <script type="text/javascript">
   function dosubmit() { document.forms[0].submit(); }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body onload="dosubmit();">
  <form action="https://www.startpage.com/do/asearch" method="POST" accept-charset="utf-8">
   <input type="hidden" name="cat" value="web">
   <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="process_search">
   <input type="hidden" name="language" value="english">
   <input type="hidden" name="engine0" value="v1all">
   <input type="hidden" name="query" value="$QUERY">
  </form>
 </body>
</html>
END

# Load the generated file in the browser.
firefox "file://$Work/load.html"

# Firefox returns immediately, so we want to give it a couple
# of seconds to actually read the page we generated,
# before we exit (and our page vanishes).
sleep 2

&所改变的只是我们使用 Bash 字符串操作来替换each with &、each "with "、each <with<和each >with的块>，以便可以将查询字符串安全地写入value名为的隐藏输入的属性query。（这四个就足够了。首先执行＆符号也很重要，因为后续替换包含＆符号。因为我们将其作为价值对于隐藏输入，查询字符串不是 url 编码的；它只是普通的 HTML 内容，但没有双引号（因为值本身在双引号中）。）

自动提交 POST 请求的缺点是，您可能需要时不时地更新自动提交 HTML 页面，因为网站可以随时更改 POST 变量命名和内部 URL。

Question 2

基于附带的 Firefox木偶自动化驱动程序。安装官方 python 绑定：

pip2 install --user marionette_driver

#!/usr/bin/python2

from marionette_driver.marionette import Marionette
from marionette_driver import By

client = Marionette('localhost', port=2828)
client.start_session()
client.navigate("https://www.startpage.com/")

query = client.find_element(By.ID, 'query')
query.send_keys("Search Me")
submit = client.find_element(By.ID, 'submit1')

submit.click()

该脚本要求 Firefox 已经运行。也许你必须启用木偶使用选项--marionette.

Answer

基于附带的 Firefox木偶自动化驱动程序。安装官方 python 绑定：

pip2 install --user marionette_driver

#!/usr/bin/python2

from marionette_driver.marionette import Marionette
from marionette_driver import By

client = Marionette('localhost', port=2828)
client.start_session()
client.navigate("https://www.startpage.com/")

query = client.find_element(By.ID, 'query')
query.send_keys("Search Me")
submit = client.find_element(By.ID, 'submit1')

submit.click()

该脚本要求 Firefox 已经运行。也许你必须启用木偶使用选项--marionette.

Question 3

lynx不支持命令行 POST

我只看到这些解决方案：

使用一些网络自动化软件，例如 selenium
选择您的语言并编写简单的自动化代码：

启动浏览器，在 cmdline 上传递 URL

等待几秒钟并模拟按键来填写表单字段

参见例如http://www.semicomplete.com/projects/xdotool/

Answer