Ubuntu 16.04 桌面运行 vsftpd Windows Server 2012 r2 从 WAN 运行标准 ftp 命令行客户端 Windows 10 从 LAN 运行标准 ftp 命令行客户端
vsftpd 配置文件
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
#utf8_filesystem=YES
pasv_enable=YES
pasv_min_port=10090
pasv_max_port=10100
pasv_address=<public ip>
#pasv_address=192.168.1.2
#userlist_enable=YES
#userlist_file=/etc/vsftp.user_list
#userlist_deny=NO
从局域网内的 Windows 10 客户端发送文件正常。
ftp -d 192.168.1.2
connected to 192.168.1.2
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
---> OPTS UTF8 ON
200 Always in UTF8 mode.
User (192.168.1.2:(none)): <username>
---> USER <username>
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
---> PASS <password>
230 Login successful.
ftp> send c:\users\<username>\desktop\testftp.txt
---> PORT 192,168,1,6,196,33
200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV.
---> STOR testftp.txt
150 Ok to send data.
226 Transfer complete.
ftp: 4 bytes sent in 0.00Seconds 4.00Kbyte/sec.
从 LAN 外部的服务器 2012 r2 客户端发送文件则不行。
ftp -d <public ip>
connected to <public ip>
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
User (<public ip>:(none)): <username>
----> USER <username>
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
---> PASS <password>
230 Login successful.
ftp> send c:\users\<username>\desktop\test.txt
---> PORT 192,168,10,38,235,162
502 Active FTP not allowed.
---> STOR test.txt
550 Access is denied.
据我所知，端口是通过将 ---> PORT 旁边的第 5 个八位字节乘以 256，然后将第 6 个八位字节添加到该八位字节中来获取的。因此，LAN 客户端连接到端口 (196*256)+33 = 50179，而 WAN 客户端连接到端口 (235*256)+162 = 60322
配置中设置的最小值为 10090，最大值为 10100
我还将服务器放入 DMZ，这似乎没有帮助，但我目前还不太担心。我只是想先弄清楚为什么它不尊重我的被动端口范围。
我猜是被动模式虽然在配置中启用了，但实际上并未应用。因此它仍然尝试以主动模式连接。这在局域网内工作正常。但在局域网外则不行，因为 WAN 客户端上的端口被阻止或未转发。因此，将服务器置于 DMZ 中没有帮助，因为这是客户端而非服务器所需的网络更改。
那么...当在线建议不起作用时，我该如何让我的 ftp 服务器进入被动模式？是否也需要告知客户端使用被动模式？我找不到任何 ftp 客户端启动选项。
答案1
哇哦。我终于知道我的问题是什么了，这很简单。
listen=NO 需要改为 YES
listen_ipv6=YES 需要注释掉
让我解释一下。这些话如下：
# Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
与选项 listen=NO 完全无关。我不确定为什么默认配置文件会这样写。
最好将其视为 listen_ipv4=NO（可被 listen_ipv6=YES 覆盖）
您要注释掉 listen_ipv6=YES 的原因是因为保留它将导致 pasv_address 指令不起作用。
这意味着 ftp 客户端将被赋予 0.0.0.0 作为被动地址，而不是您的公共 IP 地址。
因此，您注释掉了 listen_ipv6，但现在服务器根本不会监听。要解决这个问题，您需要将 listen=NO 更改为 YES。
现在一切都运行正常。...除了内部客户端。它们现在在 pasv 响应中接收外部 ip 地址，因此它们无法使用被动模式。不过我不太担心内部客户端。它们可以使用 smb。