我有一个 My Passport 1.8 Tb 外置硬盘，连接后 Windows 突然崩溃。这意味着我无法访问我的文件，我想恢复它们。
当然，我使用 Linux 进行进一步检查。我尝试使用 dd 制作硬盘映像，但它没有响应。
当我将其连接到 Linux 时，HDD 中的小灯开始闪烁。我运行 lsblk 并发现该设备被分配为 sda/sda1，并正确将其标识为 1,8 Tb 驱动器：
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0 7:0 0 86,5M 1 loop /snap/core/4407
loop1 7:1 0 240M 1 loop /snap/pycharm-community/60
loop2 7:2 0 162,6M 1 loop /snap/spotify/6
loop4 7:4 0 239,1M 1 loop /snap/pycharm-community/56
loop5 7:5 0 162,1M 1 loop /snap/spotify/13
loop6 7:6 0 239,1M 1 loop /snap/pycharm-community/58
loop7 7:7 0 81,7M 1 loop /snap/core/4206
loop8 7:8 0 159,5M 1 loop /snap/spotify/5
loop9 7:9 0 86,6M 1 loop /snap/core/4486
sda 8:0 0 1,8T 0 disk
└─sda1 8:1 0 1,8T 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
nvme0n1 259:0 0 238,5G 0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 512M 0 part /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 732M 0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 237,3G 0 part
└─nvme0n1p3_crypt 253:0 0 237,3G 0 crypt
├─ubuntu--vg-root 253:1 0 221,3G 0 lvm /
└─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:2 0 15,9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
。
然后我运行 fdisk 检查磁盘分区。这时麻烦就开始了。它列出了上面的一些设备，然后就停止了：
Disk /dev/loop0: 86,5 MiB, 90726400 bytes, 177200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 240 MiB, 251596800 bytes, 491400 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 162,6 MiB, 170479616 bytes, 332968 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop4: 239,1 MiB, 250728448 bytes, 489704 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop5: 162,1 MiB, 169943040 bytes, 331920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop6: 239,1 MiB, 250712064 bytes, 489672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop7: 81,7 MiB, 85692416 bytes, 167368 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 238,5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: B11D4080-4B1D-40F6-B9A7-064AD170450B
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1050624 2549759 1499136 732M Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 2549760 500117503 497567744 237,3G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/mapper/nvme0n1p3_crypt: 237,3 GiB, 254752587776 bytes, 497563648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
我尝试了无数其他故障排除程序，但每个命令（如 badblocks）都没有响应。此外，当我断开硬盘连接时，Linux 会“暂停”几秒钟。也就是说，屏幕变黑，然后重新出现。
对于进一步行动有什么建议吗？
编辑：
按照建议使用 journalctl --follow 命令，连接设备后我得到了以下回复：
scsi 5:0:0:0: Direct-Access WD My Passport 259D 1005 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
scsi 5:0:0:1: Enclosure WD SES Device 1005 PQ: 0 ANSI: 6
sd 5:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
ses 5:0:0:1: Attached Enclosure device
ses 5:0:0:1: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 13
ses 5:0:0:1: Failed to get diagnostic page 0x8000002
ses 5:0:0:1: Failed to bind enclosure -19
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Spinning up disk...
ready
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] 3906963456 512-byte logical blocks: (2.00 TB/1.82 TiB)
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 53 00 10 08
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] No Caching mode page found
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Assuming drive cache: write through
sda: sda1
sd 5:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
gnome-shell[1339]: Unable to mount volume My Passport: Gio.IOErrorEnum: Error mounting /dev/sda1 at /media/dpa/My Passport: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o
断开连接时我收到了通知，并给出了一个小提示？
"uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000" "/dev/sda1" "/media/dpa/My Passport"' exited with non-zero exit status 13: The disk contains an unclean file system (0, 1).
The file system wasn't safely closed on Windows. Fixing.
ntfs_attr_pread_i: ntfs_pread failed: Input/output error
Failed to read NTFS $Bitmap: Input/output error
NTFS is either inconsistent, or there is a hardware fault, or it's a
SoftRAID/FakeRAID hardware. In the first case run chkdsk /f on Windows
then reboot into Windows twice. The usage of the /f parameter is very
important! If the device is a SoftRAID/FakeRAID then first activate
it and mount a different device under the /dev/mapper/ directory, (e.g.
/dev/mapper/nvidia_eahaabcc1). Please see the 'dmraid' documentation
for more details.
Failed to sync device /dev/sda1: Input/output error
Failed to close volume /dev/sda1: Input/output error
systemd-udevd[21064]: inotify_add_watch(9, /dev/sda1, 10) failed: No such file or directory