多年来，我一直在处理这个 Ubuntu 错误，我的鼠标在启动后不久就会冻结，然后会定期冻结。为了解决这个问题，我必须物理拔下鼠标的 USB 收发器，然后重新插入。根据我的研究，当双启动 Linux 和 Windows 时，USB 无线 Windows 鼠标会发生此错误。
有没有办法可以以编程方式（从终端）拔下 USB 收发器，而不是以物理方式拔下？我想在启动 bash 脚本中实现这一点。
我正在使用 Ubuntu 16.04
编辑：我解决了我的问题，但它与我的问题没有太大关系。
在文件中..
/etc/laptop-mode/conf.d/runtime-pm.conf
我必须
CONTROL_RUNTIME_AUTOSUSPEND=0
这解决了我多年来遇到的鼠标错误。
答案1
我编写了一个脚本来演示如何做到这一点：
#!/bin/bash
port="1-1.1" # as shown by lsusb -t: {bus}-{port}(.{subport})
bind_usb() {
echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
}
unbind_usb() {
echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
}
unbind_usb "$port"
# sleep 1 # enable delay here
bind_usb "$port"
首先，您需要获取相关 USB 端口的总线和端口号。您可以使用lsusb以及您在 的输出中识别的任何设备来执行此操作lsusb，我使用闪迪此处为 pendrive：
$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04f2:b39a Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 001 Device 112: ID 8087:07dc Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 019: ID 04d9:1603 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. Keyboard
Bus 001 Device 018: ID 0424:2504 Standard Microsystems Corp. USB 2.0 Hub
Bus 001 Device 022: ID 0781:5567 SanDisk Corp. Cruzer Blade
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
$ lsusb -t
/: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=ehci-pci/3p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/8p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 22, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
|__ Port 2: Dev 18, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/4p, 480M
|__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 1, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 1: Dev 19, If 0, Class=Human Interface Device, Driver=usbhid, 1.5M
|__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 0, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
|__ Port 7: Dev 112, If 1, Class=Wireless, Driver=btusb, 12M
|__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 1, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M
|__ Port 8: Dev 5, If 0, Class=Video, Driver=uvcvideo, 480M从 的输出中，lsusb您可以获得设备的总线和设备号，然后在 的输出中搜索此设备以lsusb -t获取总线和端口号（有时带有子端口）。语法为：
1-2.3 # for Bus 1 Port 2 Subport 3 – strip leading zeroes!
按照脚本的方式使用它port。现在你只需要让它可执行chmod +x /path/to/script并运行它具有 root 权限：
sudo /path/to/script
我的 pendrive 不需要这个，但您可能需要在解除绑定和再次绑定之间添加延迟，这就是注释掉的sleep 1行的作用——您可以试验这些值，例如sleep 0.5半秒钟。
请注意，此方法显示了如何禁用并再次启用某个USB端口，如果你想要一个特定的设备要解除绑定并再次绑定，您必须使用相同的 USB 端口才能正常工作。可以想办法解析 的lsusb输出，以便在每次调用脚本时动态获取特定设备的总线和端口号，这将允许您使用任何 USB 端口，但我觉得这样有点过头了。
建议来自这篇 linux.com 博客文章。
答案2
#!/bin/bash
port="usb1" # replace '1' with actual bus number as shown by lsusb -t: {bus}-{port}(.{subport})
bind_usb() {
echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
}
unbind_usb() {
echo "$1" >/sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
}
unbind_usb "$port"
# sleep 1 # enable delay here
bind_usb "$port"
与之前的答案类似，这将重置集线器。如果您在诸如 wireshark 之类的程序中观察 USB 流量，您会发现之前的答案不会导致设备重新枚举，而只是重新启动设备驱动程序。重新启动集线器会在内核的 USB 树中更深入一点，并强制设备完全重新枚举。
答案3
您还可以使用 ioctl 向相关设备发送重置 - 假设它仍然有响应
/* usbreset -- send a USB port reset to a USB device */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/usbdevice_fs.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
const char *filename;
int fd;
int rc;
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: usbreset device-filename\n");
return 1;
}
filename = argv[1];
fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("Error opening output file");
return 1;
}
printf("Resetting USB device %s\n", filename);
rc = ioctl(fd, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0);
if (rc < 0) {
perror("Error in ioctl");
return 1;
}
printf("Reset successful\n");
close(fd);
return 0;
}
你可以这样称呼
sudo ./usbreset /dev/bus/usb/002/004
不是我的代码，但我不知道该归功于谁
答案4
我创建了一个 Python 脚本来简化整个过程。
将以下脚本保存为 reset_usb.py 或者克隆这个仓库。
用法：
python reset_usb.py help # Show this help
sudo python reset_usb.py list # List all USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY # Reset USB device using path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY
sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms" # Search for USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by list and reset matching device
sudo python reset_usb.py listpci # List all PCI USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X # Reset PCI USB device using path /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X
sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms" # Search for PCI USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by listpci and reset matching device
脚本：
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import sys
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import fcntl
instructions = '''
Usage: python reset_usb.py help : Show this help
sudo python reset_usb.py list : List all USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY : Reset USB device using path /dev/bus/usb/XXX/YYY
sudo python reset_usb.py search "search terms" : Search for USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by list and reset matching device
sudo python reset_usb.py listpci : List all PCI USB devices
sudo python reset_usb.py pathpci /sys/bus/pci/drivers/.../XXXX:XX:XX.X : Reset PCI USB device using path
sudo python reset_usb.py searchpci "search terms" : Search for PCI USB device using the search terms within the search string returned by listpci and reset matching device
'''
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print(instructions)
sys.exit(0)
option = sys.argv[1].lower()
if 'help' in option:
print(instructions)
sys.exit(0)
def create_pci_list():
pci_usb_list = list()
try:
lspci_out = Popen('lspci -Dvmm', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
pci_devices = lspci_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
for pci_device in pci_devices:
device_dict = dict()
categories = pci_device.split(os.linesep)
for category in categories:
key, value = category.split('\t')
device_dict[key[:-1]] = value.strip()
if 'USB' not in device_dict['Class']:
continue
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/sys/bus/pci/drivers/'):
slot = device_dict['Slot']
if slot in dirs:
device_dict['path'] = os.path.join(root, slot)
break
pci_usb_list.append(device_dict)
except Exception as ex:
print('Failed to list pci devices! Error: %s' % ex)
sys.exit(-1)
return pci_usb_list
def create_usb_list():
device_list = list()
try:
lsusb_out = Popen('lsusb -v', shell=True, bufsize=64, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, close_fds=True).stdout.read().strip().decode('utf-8')
usb_devices = lsusb_out.split('%s%s' % (os.linesep, os.linesep))
for device_categories in usb_devices:
if not device_categories:
continue
categories = device_categories.split(os.linesep)
device_stuff = categories[0].strip().split()
bus = device_stuff[1]
device = device_stuff[3][:-1]
device_dict = {'bus': bus, 'device': device}
device_info = ' '.join(device_stuff[6:])
device_dict['description'] = device_info
for category in categories:
if not category:
continue
categoryinfo = category.strip().split()
if categoryinfo[0] == 'iManufacturer':
manufacturer_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
device_dict['manufacturer'] = manufacturer_info
if categoryinfo[0] == 'iProduct':
device_info = ' '.join(categoryinfo[2:])
device_dict['device'] = device_info
path = '/dev/bus/usb/%s/%s' % (bus, device)
device_dict['path'] = path
device_list.append(device_dict)
except Exception as ex:
print('Failed to list usb devices! Error: %s' % ex)
sys.exit(-1)
return device_list
if 'listpci' in option:
pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
for device in pci_usb_list:
print('path=%s' % device['path'])
print(' manufacturer=%s' % device['SVendor'])
print(' device=%s' % device['SDevice'])
print(' search string=%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice']))
sys.exit(0)
if 'list' in option:
usb_list = create_usb_list()
for device in usb_list:
print('path=%s' % device['path'])
print(' description=%s' % device['description'])
print(' manufacturer=%s' % device['manufacturer'])
print(' device=%s' % device['device'])
print(' search string=%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device']))
sys.exit(0)
if len(sys.argv) < 3:
print(instructions)
sys.exit(0)
option2 = sys.argv[2]
print('Resetting device: %s' % option2)
# echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/unbind;echo -n "0000:39:00.0" | tee /sys/bus/pci/drivers/xhci_hcd/bind
def reset_pci_usb_device(dev_path):
folder, slot = os.path.split(dev_path)
try:
fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'unbind'), 'wt')
fp.write(slot)
fp.close()
fp = open(os.path.join(folder, 'bind'), 'wt')
fp.write(slot)
fp.close()
print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
sys.exit(0)
except Exception as ex:
print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
sys.exit(-1)
if 'pathpci' in option:
reset_pci_usb_device(option2)
if 'searchpci' in option:
pci_usb_list = create_pci_list()
for device in pci_usb_list:
text = '%s %s' % (device['SVendor'], device['SDevice'])
if option2 in text:
reset_pci_usb_device(device['path'])
print('Failed to find device!')
sys.exit(-1)
def reset_usb_device(dev_path):
USBDEVFS_RESET = 21780
try:
f = open(dev_path, 'w', os.O_WRONLY)
fcntl.ioctl(f, USBDEVFS_RESET, 0)
print('Successfully reset %s' % dev_path)
sys.exit(0)
except Exception as ex:
print('Failed to reset device! Error: %s' % ex)
sys.exit(-1)
if 'path' in option:
reset_usb_device(option2)
if 'search' in option:
usb_list = create_usb_list()
for device in usb_list:
text = '%s %s %s' % (device['description'], device['manufacturer'], device['device'])
if option2 in text:
reset_usb_device(device['path'])
print('Failed to find device!')
sys.exit(-1)