我想知道 Ubuntu 18.04 中不包含哪些原生 gnome 应用程序。谢谢。
答案1
这是一个名为“gnome-core”的元包：
$ apt show gnome-core
Package: gnome-core
Version: 1:3.22+9
Priority: optional
Section: universe/gnome
Source: meta-gnome3
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[email protected]>
Original-Maintainer: Debian GNOME Maintainers <[email protected]>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 32.8 kB
Depends: libatk-adaptor (>= 2.22), at-spi2-core (>= 2.22), adwaita-icon-theme, baobab (>= 3.22), fonts-cantarell (>= 0.0.25), caribou (>= 0.4.21), dconf-cli (>= 0.26), dconf-gsettings-backend (>= 0.26), eog (>= 3.20), evince (>= 3.22), evolution-data-server (>= 3.22), sound-theme-freedesktop, gdm3 (>= 3.22), gedit (>= 3.22), glib-networking (>= 2.50), gnome-backgrounds (>= 3.22), gnome-bluetooth (>= 3.20), gnome-calculator (>= 3.22), gnome-characters (>= 3.22), gnome-contacts (>= 3.22), gnome-control-center (>= 1:3.22), gnome-disk-utility (>= 3.22), gnome-font-viewer (>= 3.22), gnome-keyring (>= 3.20), libpam-gnome-keyring (>= 3.20), gnome-logs (>= 3.22), gnome-menus (>= 3.13), gnome-online-accounts (>= 3.22), gnome-online-miners (>= 3.22), gnome-session (>= 3.22), gnome-settings-daemon (>= 3.22), gnome-shell (>= 3.22), gnome-shell-extensions (>= 3.22), gnome-software (>= 3.22), gnome-system-monitor (>= 3.22), gnome-terminal (>= 3.22), gnome-themes-extra (>= 3.22), gnome-user-docs (>= 3.22), gnome-user-share (>= 3.18), gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.22), gstreamer1.0-plugins-base (>= 1.10), gstreamer1.0-plugins-good (>= 1.10), gstreamer1.0-packagekit, gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio (>= 1.10), gvfs-backends (>= 1.30), gvfs-bin (>= 1.30), gvfs-fuse (>= 1.30), firefox-esr (>= 30) | firefox (>= 30) | chromium | chromium-browser, libcanberra-pulse, libproxy1-plugin-gsettings, gkbd-capplet (>= 3.22), nautilus (>= 3.22), pulseaudio, system-config-printer-common, system-config-printer-udev, gnome-sushi (>= 3.20), totem (>= 3.22), tracker, yelp (>= 3.22), zenity (>= 3.22)
Recommends: network-manager-gnome, libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager, anacron
...
Description: GNOME Desktop Environment -- essential components
$
如果您清理了列表depends，则可以apt policy在列表上运行并将输出传送到以grep找出系统中缺少的内容：
apt policy adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-core baobab caribou chromium chromium-browser dconf-cli dconf-gsettings-backend eog evince evolution-data-server firefox firefox-esr fonts-cantarell gdm3 gedit gkbd-capplet glib-networking gnome-backgrounds gnome-bluetooth gnome-calculator gnome-characters gnome-contacts gnome-control-center gnome-disk-utility gnome-font-viewer gnome-keyring gnome-logs gnome-menus gnome-online-accounts gnome-online-miners gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell gnome-shell-extensions gnome-software gnome-sushi gnome-system-monitor gnome-terminal gnome-themes-extra gnome-user-docs gnome-user-share gsettings-desktop-schemas gstreamer1.0-packagekit gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio gvfs-backends gvfs-bin gvfs-fuse libatk-adaptor libcanberra-pulse libpam-gnome-keyring libproxy1-plugin-gsettings nautilus pulseaudio sound-theme-freedesktop system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-udev totem tracker yelp zenity | grep -B1 Installed
以下是我的系统（Kubuntu 18.04）上的部分输出：
WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.
adwaita-icon-theme:
Installed: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1
--
at-spi2-core:
Installed: 2.28.0-1
--
baobab:
Installed: (none)
--
caribou:
Installed: (none)
--
chromium:
Installed: (none)
--
chromium-browser:
Installed: (none)
--
dconf-cli:
Installed: (none)
--
dconf-gsettings-backend:
Installed: 0.26.0-2ubuntu3
--
eog:
Installed: (none)
--
evince:
Installed: (none)
--
evolution-data-server:
Installed: (none)
在一个评论这个答案，muru提到了至少在 18.04 中某些应用程序是以 snap 形式安装的。还提到了 snap 默认安装在为什么 Canonical 默认将核心 Gnome 应用程序安装为 Snap？。
就上面链接的问题中列出的快照而言，其中四个也在的输出中列出apt show gnome-core。两个，gnome-3-26-1604并且gtk-common-themes没有。
snap list无论如何，可以通过运行以下命令来查看系统上安装的 snap 包https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/basic-snap-usage#2。