Radeon 5450 直通 Windows 无法分配资源

Question

我尝试将 Radeon 5450 GPU 从 Ubuntu 18.04 hots 传递到 Win 7 客户机。我使用的机器类型问35使用 virt-manager 创建虚拟机时，因为我读到它应该更适合直通。使用默认的 pc-i440fx-bionic 机器类型时，图形驱动程序会崩溃。使用 q35 时不会崩溃，但驱动程序无法分配资源。

以下是机器定义。

我在 05:00.0 收到了这张卡：

05:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cedar [Radeon HD 5000/6000/7350/8350 Series]

当我安装 AMD 驱动程序时（催化剂）驱动程序安装，但它无法分配 IO 范围和 IRQ：

This device cannot find enough free resources that is can use (Code 12)

我的定义有什么错误？

<domain type='kvm' id='12'>
  <name>win7-2</name>
  <uuid>ae01eb73-b725-4abb-9ce2-d544393de40e</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>8290304</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>8290304</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>4</vcpu>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-q35-2.11'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
    <bootmenu enable='yes'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <hyperv>
      <relaxed state='on'/>
      <vapic state='on'/>
      <spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/>
    </hyperv>
    <vmport state='off'/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='full'>
    <model fallback='forbid'>Opteron_G5</model>
    <feature policy='require' name='vme'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='x2apic'/>
    <feature policy='require' name='hypervisor'/>
    <feature policy='disable' name='rdtscp'/>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='localtime'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
    <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm-spice</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/mnt/data-n0/vm/win7-passthrough.img'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='sda' bus='sata'/>
      <alias name='sata0-0-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/mnt/data-n0/vm/SW.iso'/>
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='sdb' bus='sata'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='sata0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1d' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1d' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1d' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1d' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='sata' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1f' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pcie-root'>
      <alias name='pcie.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='1' model='dmi-to-pci-bridge'>
      <model name='i82801b11-bridge'/>
      <alias name='pci.1'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x1e' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='2' model='pci-bridge'>
      <model name='pci-bridge'/>
      <target chassisNr='2'/>
      <alias name='pci.2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x01' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='3' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='3' port='0x10'/>
      <alias name='pci.3'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='4' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='4' port='0x11'/>
      <alias name='pci.4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='5' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='5' port='0x12'/>
      <alias name='pci.5'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='6' model='pcie-root-port'>
      <model name='pcie-root-port'/>
      <target chassis='6' port='0x13'/>
      <alias name='pci.6'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x3'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:5d:59:31'/>
      <source bridge='br1'/>
      <target dev='vnet2'/>
      <model type='rtl8139'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/5'/>
      <target type='isa-serial' port='0'>
        <model name='isa-serial'/>
      </target>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/5'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/5'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0' state='disconnected'/>
      <alias name='channel0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'>
      <alias name='input2'/>
    </input>
    <graphics type='spice' port='5903' autoport='yes' listen='127.0.0.1'>
      <listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
      <image compression='off'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <alias name='sound0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x02' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <hostdev mode='subsystem' type='pci' managed='yes'>
      <driver name='vfio'/>
      <source>
        <address domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
      </source>
      <alias name='hostdev0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x05' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </hostdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir0'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='2'/>
    </redirdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir1'/>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='3'/>
    </redirdev>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x04' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-ae01eb73-b725-4abb-9ce2-d544393de40e</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-ae01eb73-b725-4abb-9ce2-d544393de40e</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='dac' relabel='yes'>
    <label>+64055:+131</label>
    <imagelabel>+64055:+131</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>

Answer 1

从...开始本教程我使用下面的脚本让 AMD 5450 主显卡直通（主机无头运行）。

• 客户 UEFI（OVMF 映像来自apt-get install ovmf）
• -vga qlx使用后，qlx Monitor 在 Windows 中被禁用（显示设置）
• 添加video=efifb:off到 cmdline，否则 efifb 会在 vfio 之前抓取 PCI 条。
• 如果以这种方式运行，则不需要 AMD 5450 的 romfile（使用-vga qlx）

脚本：

#!/bin/bash

b=$(pwd)

passthrough=0
qxl=1
uefi=1
ovmf=0
net=0
while getopts "bpQUon" opt; do
  case $opt in
      p) passthrough=1 ;;
      Q) qxl=0 ;;
      U) uefi=0 ;;
      n) net=1 ;;
      o) ovmf=1 ;;
  esac
done

cp ${b}/uefi/usr/share/edk2.git/ovmf-x64/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd .
OPTS=""
# Basic CPU settings.
OPTS="$OPTS -cpu host,kvm=off"
OPTS="$OPTS -smp 4,sockets=1,cores=4,threads=1"
# Enable KVM full virtualization support.
OPTS="$OPTS -enable-kvm"
# Assign memory to the vm.
OPTS="$OPTS -m 4000"

# VFIO GPU and GPU sound passthrough.
if [ "$passthrough" == "1" ]; then
    #,multifunction=on,romfile=/mnt/nvidia_efi.rom" ,romfile=${b}/bioses/XFX.HD5450.1024.110612.rom
    #OPTS="$OPTS -device vfio-pci,host=05:00.0,multifunction=on,romfile=${b}/bioses/XFX.HD5450.1024.110612.rom"
    #,romfile=${b}/bioses/XFX.HD5450.1024.110612_1.rom
    OPTS="$OPTS -device vfio-pci,host=01:00.0,multifunction=on" 
    #,romfile=/mnt/data-n0/vms-win/romfile_radeon.bin
    #,romfile=/mnt/nvidia_efi.rom"
    OPTS="$OPTS -device vfio-pci,host=01:00.1"
fi

# Supply OVMF (general UEFI bios, needed for EFI boot support with GPT disks).
if [ "$uefi" == "1" ]; then
    if [ "$ovmf" == "0" ]; then
    OPTS="$OPTS -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=${b}/uefi/usr/share/edk2.git/ovmf-x64/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd"
    OPTS="$OPTS -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=${b}/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd"
    else
    mkdir -p ${b}/hda-contents
    #OPTS="$OPTS -pflash ${b}/ovmf_pkg/OVMF.fd"
    OPTS="$OPTS -drive if=pflash,format=raw,readonly,file=${b}/ovmf_pkg/OVMF.fd"
    OPTS="$OPTS -drive if=pflash,format=raw,file=${b}/OVMF_VARS-pure-efi.fd"
    fi
fi

# Load our created VM image as a harddrive.
OPTS="$OPTS -hda ${b}/win10_uefi_cpu_host_qemu_vm.qcow2"
# Load our OS setup image e.g. ISO file.

#OPTS="$OPTS -cdrom ${b}/windows_10.iso"
OPTS="$OPTS -cdrom ${b}/virtio-win-0.1.141.iso"

if [ "$qxl" == "1" ]; then
    # Use the following emulated video device (use none for disabled).
    OPTS="$OPTS -vga qxl"
else
    # Use an emulated video device (use none for disabled).
    #  -vga none -device qxl
    OPTS="$OPTS -vga none -device qxl "
fi

OPTS="$OPTS -spice port=5900,addr=127.0.0.1,disable-ticketing "

# Redirect QEMU's console input and output.
OPTS="$OPTS -monitor stdio"

if [ "${net}" == "1" ]; then
    # Improve the network performance by utilizing virtio-net.
    OPTS="$OPTS -device virtio-net,netdev=net0,mac=de:ad:be:ef:33:4a"
    OPTS="$OPTS -netdev tap,id=net0,ifname=vmtap0,script=./qemu-ifup,downscript=./qemu-ifdown"
else
    OPTS="$OPTS -net none "
fi

#Bus 003 Device 004: ID 1c4f:0002 SiGma Micro Keyboard TRACER Gamma Ivory
#Bus 003 Device 002: ID 1a40:0201 Terminus Technology Inc. FE 2.1 7-port Hub

# USB mouse
if [ "$passthrough" == "1" ]; then
    OPTS="$OPTS -usb"
    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-ehci,id=ehci"
    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=usb-bus.0,vendorid=0x17ef,productid=0x6019 "
    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=usb-bus.0,vendorid=0x1c4f,productid=0x0002 "
fi
#if [ "$passthrough" == "1" ]; then
#    OPTS="$OPTS -usb"
#    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-ehci,id=ehci"
#    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=usb-bus.0,vendorid=0x17ef,productid=0x6019 "
#    OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=usb-bus.0,vendorid=0x1c4f,productid=0x0002 "
#fi

#OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,hostbus=3,hostaddr=4"
#OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,hostbus=3,hostaddr=2"

#OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x1c4f,productid=0x0002 "
#OPTS="$OPTS -device usb-host,bus=xhci.0,vendorid=0x1a40,productid=0x0201 "

#OPTS="$OPTS -usbdevice host:1c4f:0002"
# USB keyboard
#OPTS="$OPTS -usbdevice host:1a40:0201"

sudo qemu-system-x86_64 $OPTS