我如何检测安装的 Lubuntu 的重复版本?

我如何检测安装的 Lubuntu 的重复版本?

当我启动时,列出了六个选项,但我想也许应该只有四个?1+2 和 5+6 似乎指的是不同的 Lubuntu 版本。

  1. Ubuntu
  2. Ubuntu 的高级选项
  3. 记忆测试
  4. 内存测试串行控制台
  5. Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS(/dev/sd65 上的 18.04)
  6. Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS(/dev/sd65 上的 18.04)的高级选项

5 和 6 似乎提示我使用一个我放弃的用户名,因为我不允许我进行更新(由于未知原因的一些超小分区)并且进行了全新安装,从而清除了 Windows Vista 以及我第一次安装的 Lubuntu。

这似乎是它的回响,我想清理空间并避免混淆。文件管理器 PCManFM 提到 3.7 GB 的卷可能是罪魁祸首。

注释和系统信息

  • 当我的电脑自动启动时,它会停留在黑屏上,并且不会进入登录屏幕。从启动菜单中选择“高级”,然后选择“恢复模式”,再选择“恢复正常启动”,似乎可以打开它,但我不知道在哪里。

  • 当我进入“高级”时,现在有 4 个选项(昨天只有 2 个!)用于 4.15.0-34 和 4.15-0.29 的正常/恢复。我选择了 34,因为这听起来像是较新的更新。如果进入 Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS 的高级选项,也会显示 4.15.0.29 版本。如果 29 已过时,我想删除两个 29,只运行 34,但不要让它进入黑屏,即使这意味着它每次启动时都会自动运行恢复模式,而不是非恢复模式。

$ sudo lsblk -f
NAME                   FSTYPE LABEL               UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
└─sda1
  ├─LVM2_m                                        GNFcFZ-msHQ-7StI-abZJ-sNGC-LFnZ-k0RfGA
  ├─lubuntu--vg-root   ext4                       082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4   /
  └─lubuntu--vg-swap_1 swap                       afc0be1d-6a95-487c-9168-eb0d410faf3e   [SWAP]
sdb
├─sdb1                 ntfs   HP_PAVILION Adjacent Reserve 1/2   24483AB0483A809A        /media/jay 
├─sdb2
└─sdb5                 ext4                       7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e   /media/jay
sr0

$ sudo os-prober
/dev/sdb5:Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04):Ubuntu:linux

/boot/grub/grub.cfg

#
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
#
# It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates
# from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
#

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then
  set have_grubenv=true
  load_env
fi
if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then
   set default="${next_entry}"
   set next_entry=
   save_env next_entry
   set boot_once=true
else
   set default="0"
fi

if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
else
  menuentry_id_option=""
fi

export menuentry_id_option

if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then
  set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}"
  save_env saved_entry
  set prev_saved_entry=
  save_env prev_saved_entry
  set boot_once=true
fi

function savedefault {
  if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then
    saved_entry="${chosen}"
    save_env saved_entry
  fi
}
function recordfail {
  set recordfail=1
  # GRUB lacks write support for lvm, so recordfail support is disabled.
}
function load_video {
  if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then
    insmod all_video
  else
    insmod efi_gop
    insmod efi_uga
    insmod ieee1275_fb
    insmod vbe
    insmod vga
    insmod video_bochs
    insmod video_cirrus
  fi
}

if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then
   font=unicode
else
insmod part_msdos
insmod lvm
insmod ext2
set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
else
  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
fi
    font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2"
fi

if loadfont $font ; then
  set gfxmode=auto
  load_video
  insmod gfxterm
  set locale_dir=$prefix/locale
  set lang=en_CA
  insmod gettext
fi
terminal_output gfxterm
if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then
  set timeout=30
else
  if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then
    set timeout_style=hidden
    set timeout=10
  # Fallback hidden-timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is
  # unavailable.
  elif sleep --interruptible 10 ; then
    set timeout=0
  fi
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###
set menu_color_normal=white/black
set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
function gfxmode {
    set gfxpayload="${1}"
    if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then
        set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=1
    else
        set vt_handoff=
    fi
}
if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then
  if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then
    if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then
      if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then
        set linux_gfx_mode=keep
      else
        set linux_gfx_mode=text
      fi
    else
      set linux_gfx_mode=text
    fi
  else
    set linux_gfx_mode=keep
  fi
else
  set linux_gfx_mode=text
fi
export linux_gfx_mode
menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
    recordfail
    load_video
    gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
    insmod gzio
    if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod lvm
    insmod ext2
    set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    fi
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-34-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-34-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-34-generic-advanced-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
        recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod lvm
        insmod ext2
        set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-34-generic ...'
            linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-34-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-34-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-34-generic-recovery-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
        recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod lvm
        insmod ext2
        set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-34-generic ...'
            linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-34-generic root=/dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-34-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-29-generic-advanced-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
        recordfail
        load_video
        gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode
        insmod gzio
        if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod lvm
        insmod ext2
        set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-29-generic ...'
            linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=/dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root ro  quiet splash $vt_handoff
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-4.15.0-29-generic-recovery-082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4' {
        recordfail
        load_video
        insmod gzio
        if [ x$grub_platform = xxen ]; then insmod xzio; insmod lzopio; fi
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod lvm
        insmod ext2
        set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
        fi
        echo    'Loading Linux 4.15.0-29-generic ...'
            linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=/dev/mapper/lubuntu--vg-root ro recovery nomodeset 
        echo    'Loading initial ramdisk ...'
        initrd  /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
    }
}

### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod lvm
    insmod ext2
    set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    fi
    knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf
}
menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod lvm
    insmod ext2
    set root='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint='lvmid/HORLtD-crE4-d90f-Nthf-cpUz-pHKh-jjsFCl/bHSqxy-di5E-WSMS-HeIu-XBEx-XCn3-CNMu0O'  082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 082b416e-387c-41f5-89c2-a2346900e7e4
    fi
    linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8
}
### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
menuentry 'Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) (on /dev/sdb5)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-simple-7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e' {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='hd1,msdos5'
    if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5  7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
    else
      search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
    fi
    linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
    initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
}
submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) (on /dev/sdb5)' $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-advanced-7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e' {
    menuentry 'Ubuntu (on /dev/sdb5)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic--7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e' {
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd1,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5  7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        fi
        linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
        initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic (on /dev/sdb5)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic--7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e' {
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd1,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5  7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        fi
        linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e ro quiet splash $vt_handoff
        initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
    }
    menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic (recovery mode) (on /dev/sdb5)' --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-gnulinux-/boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic-root=UUID=7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e ro recovery nomodeset-7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e' {
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ext2
        set root='hd1,msdos5'
        if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd1,msdos5 --hint-efi=hd1,msdos5 --hint-baremetal=ahci1,msdos5  7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        else
          search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e
        fi
        linux /boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic root=UUID=7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e ro recovery nomodeset
        initrd /boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic
    }
}

set timeout_style=menu
if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then
  set timeout=10
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries.  Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment.  Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###
if [ -f  ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then
  source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg
elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f  $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then
  source $prefix/custom.cfg;
fi
### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ###

答案1

sudo lsblk -f您可以使用和的输出sudo os-prober来检测可用的 Linux 安装并将它们与当前正在运行的安装区分开来。

  • 操作系统探测器在 上找到一个 Ubuntu 安装/dev/sdb5

    奇怪的是,它没有找到当前正在运行的安装(稍后会详细介绍)。

  • lsblk显示虚拟卷lubuntu--vg-root已安装在/,这意味着它是当前正在运行的 Ubuntu/Linux 安装的(主要)位置。它还显示了 上的交换分区lubuntu--vg-swap_1。它还显示两个虚拟卷都由驱动器分区支持/dev/sdb1(尽管省略了完整路径)。

  • lsblksdb5还显示了属于不同 Ubuntu/Linux 安装的ext4 文件系统操作系统探测器

您可以使用您最喜欢的分区管理器安全地格式化或删除文件系统 UUID 为 7a6647ec-d9ef-456f-9a47-baf96238738e 的分区/dev/sdb5,然后运行sudo update-grub以更新 Grub 菜单。显然,您将在此过程中丢失该分区上的所有数据。

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