在艰难地学习 bash 的过程中，我发现它subshells从父级继承变量，并且可以在自己的范围内覆盖它。除非我们使用，否则它不会反映到父级 shell 中export，
我尝试了以下示例来导出 VAR1，但 VAR1 值并未反映到父 shell 中。如果我这里遗漏了什么，有人可以解释一下吗？在此先行致谢。
anupam:~$ VAR1="variable under shell $$.pid and $BASHPID.bashid"
anupam:~$ set -o posix; set | grep -i VAR1
VAR1='variable under shell 6137.pid and 6137.bashid'
anupam:~$ (
> echo Inside the subshell
> echo ${VAR1}
> VAR1="variable under subshell with $$.pid and $BASHPID.bashid"
> echo ${VAR1}
> )
Inside the subshell
variable under shell 6137.pid and 6137.bashid
variable under subshell with 6137.pid and 6193.bashid
anupam:~$ set -o posix; set | grep -i VAR1
VAR1='variable under shell 6137.pid and 6137.bashid'
anupam:~$ (
> echo Inside another subshell
> echo ${VAR1}
> VAR1="variable under another subshell with $$.pid and $BASHPID.bashid"
> echo ${VAR1}
> export VAR1="exported variable under another subshell with $$.pid and $BASHPID.bashid"
> )
Inside another subshell
variable under shell 6137.pid and 6137.bashid
variable under another subshell with 6137.pid and 6208.bashid
anupam:~$ set -o posix; set | grep -i VAR1
VAR1='variable under shell 6137.pid and 6137.bashid'
anupam:~$
答案1
子进程无法改变父进程的环境。你可以将变量从父进程导出到子进程，但反之则不行。