我之前/现在正在运行 Ubuntu 18.04（如果有关系的话，至少从 2 个以前的 LTS 版本升级）。一切正常，包括声音。
刚刚将主板升级为 B450 Tomahawk（Ryzen 5 2600x）。现在声音不起作用。我在主板背面的“线路输出”处安装了扬声器，在前面安装了耳机，在测试中都没有声音。所以我认为这一定是驱动程序/模块问题——很可能。
我尝试终止 pulseaudio 并删除 ~/.config/pulse/* 和 ~/.pulse* 然后重新启动...仍然不起作用。
lspci 显示音频：
1c:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
1e:00.3 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h (Models 00h-0fh) HD Audio Controller
我认为第二个是我需要的。查看 lsmod，我看到：
snd_hda_codec_hdmi 49152 1
snd_hda_codec_realtek 106496 1
snd_hda_codec_generic 73728 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hda_intel 40960 3
snd_hda_codec 126976 4 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hda_core 81920 5 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hwdep 20480 1 snd_hda_codec
snd_pcm 98304 4 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_core
snd_seq_midi 16384 0
snd_seq_midi_event 16384 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_rawmidi 32768 1 snd_seq_midi
snd_seq 65536 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event
snd_seq_device 16384 3 snd_seq,snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi
snd_timer 32768 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm
snd 81920 17 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_timer,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi
soundcore 16384 1 snd
所以我认为它应该首先找到通用设备，这应该会导致它使用 realtek 设备。执行“aplay -l”会得到：
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 1: Generic [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC892 Analog [ALC892 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
所以通用的是 ALC892，我读到其他人已经成功使用它。进入 KDE 的“系统设置”->“多媒体”->“音频音量”->“高级”，我关闭了 GK107 HDMI，并将“Family 17h HD 音频控制器”设置为“模拟立体声输出”（我也尝试过“模拟立体声双工”），但我仍然听不到声音——尝试了 aplay 和 qmmp。
我还能寻找什么或做什么来解决这个问题？真的需要全新安装才能正确检测所有内容吗？
非常感谢您的建议。:)
（更新以显示设备选择） 设备选择
（更新 2）刚刚在“dmesg”的输出中发现这个，所以看起来它正在寻找 ALC892 设备。
[ 5.029406] snd_hda_intel 0000:1c:00.1: Disabling MSI
[ 5.029412] snd_hda_intel 0000:1c:00.1: Handle vga_switcheroo audio client
[ 5.041312] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: autoconfig for ALC892: line_outs=4 (0x14/0x15/0x16/0x17/0x0) type:line
[ 5.041314] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: speaker_outs=0 (0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 5.041315] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: hp_outs=1 (0x1b/0x0/0x0/0x0/0x0)
[ 5.041315] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 5.041316] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: inputs:
[ 5.041317] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Front Mic=0x19
[ 5.041318] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Rear Mic=0x18
[ 5.041319] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC1D0: Line=0x1a
[ 5.055494] input: HD-Audio Generic Front Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input5
[ 5.055578] input: HD-Audio Generic Rear Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input6
[ 5.055654] input: HD-Audio Generic Line as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input7
[ 5.055745] input: HD-Audio Generic Line Out Front as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input8
[ 5.055849] input: HD-Audio Generic Line Out Surround as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input9
[ 5.055953] input: HD-Audio Generic Line Out CLFE as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input10
[ 5.056054] input: HD-Audio Generic Line Out Side as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input11
[ 5.056251] input: HD-Audio Generic Front Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:1e:00.3/sound/card1/input12