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安装 Ruby on Rails (Arch Linux) 时出错

tag-icon • tag-icon software-installation ruby arch-arm rails
安装 Ruby on Rails (Arch Linux) 时出错

目前，我在尝试在 Arch Linux ARM 系统上安装 Ruby on Rails 时遇到问题。但不仅仅是 Rails 无法安装，我尝试使用gem.这是一些额外的信息：

一般系统信息： [alarm@alarm ~]$ uname -a Linux alarm 3.8.11-4-ARCH #1 SMP Sat Oct 22 11:59:55 MDT 2016 armv7l GNU/Linux

宝石输出：

[alarm@alarm ~]$ gem install rails
WARNING:  You don't have /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/bin in your PATH,
      gem executables will not run.
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/gems/nokogiri-1.8.0/ext/nokogiri
/usr/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20170828-1999-1wpxia.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --help
    --clean
/usr/lib/ruby/2.4.0/mkmf.rb:457:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.4.0/mkmf.rb:572:in `block in try_compile'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.4.0/mkmf.rb:523:in `with_werror'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.4.0/mkmf.rb:572:in `try_compile'
    from extconf.rb:138:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
    from extconf.rb:162:in `block in add_cflags'
    from /usr/lib/ruby/2.4.0/mkmf.rb:630:in `with_cflags'
    from extconf.rb:161:in `add_cflags'
    from extconf.rb:407:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/extensions/armv7l-linux/2.4.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/gems/nokogiri-1.8.0 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/extensions/armv7l-linux/2.4.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/gem_make.out

mkmf.log 文件内容：

[alarm@alarm ~]$ cat /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/extensions/armv7l-linux/2.4.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/mkmf.log
"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/ruby-2.4.0/armv7l-linux-eabihf -I/usr/include/ruby-2.4.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.4.0 -I. -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64  -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=vfpv3-d16 -O2 -pipe -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib -L. -Wl,-O1,--sort-common,--as-needed,-z,relro -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2: 
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

答案1

查看您的错误消息以获取线索：

Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.

和：

You have to install development tools first.

和：

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/extensions/armv7l-linux/2.4.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/mkmf.log

所以听起来你缺少一些头文件（即“开发工具”），这些文件通常与 Arch Linux 上的库捆绑在一起。正如错误消息中提到的，您可以查看该文件/home/alarm/.gem/ruby/2.4.0/extensions/armv7l-linux/2.4.0/nokogiri-1.8.0/mkmf.log，它会告诉您构建过程正在寻找哪些头文件，这应该会引导您找到需要安装的库包。

答案2

我在 Arch Linux 上遇到了完全相同的问题，日志文件与上面相同。

基于 https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=114837 我做到了

pacman -S base-devel

这解决了我的问题，之后导轨安装得很好。根据该线程中的评论，似乎“pkg-config”是我缺少的包，但我不介意安装所有的 base-devel。

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