我多次尝试安装第一个 ParrotOS，一个基于 Debian 的发行版。在任何安装界面总是卡在“检测CD-ROM”阶段。无论我是否使用 GTK 安装程序等，都没有什么区别。所有人都有完全相同的问题。我为此闪存了几个不同的 USB 拇指驱动器，最后我什至将其刻录到 DVD 上，只是为了确定，因为通常这可以解决所有问题。 （ParrotOS 是 ISO9960 映像，因此它有一些特殊需求，但我根据经验知道如何处理该需求。）这个衍生版本使用简单的标准 Debian 安装程序，仅此而已。只是为了检查一下，我想启动到 Live 系统并从那里安装，尽管这通常更容易出错。然后每次我启动时（当然，即使使用极端的故障安全设置），在启动大约 1 分钟后，它都会向我显示(initramfs) Unable to find a medium containing a live file system。所以这让我沮丧了好几天，因为互联网上根本没有可行的解决方案。之后我尝试了其他几个基于 Debian 的发行版。他们都有一模一样有关实时启动和安装的问题。我意识到错误在于 Debian 本身。
所以基本上这就是我的处境：我的 USB 驱动器根本无法被识别，因此我无法安装任何类似 Debian 的东西。 （不，我的笔记本电脑没有 DVD 驱动器。）即使是我拥有的外部 BD 驱动器，也被 UEFI（映像也相应地设置）和发行版识别为 USB 设备。
在经历了所有这些挫折之后，我决定做一些激烈的事情，将笔记本电脑的内部缓存 SSD 自由用于其他用途。由于不同的原因，这本身就是一个大问题，但这在这里并不重要。我将 ParrotOS 刷入 SSD，然后启动进入菜单。我尝试再次通过通用安装程序安装它，但退出时出现与上述相同的错误。然后我想启动 Live 系统，瞧，这次它真的起作用了。我进入实时系统并启动安装程序，但它不断崩溃。所以我再次刷新了内部 SSD，但这次使用的是最新的诱导。我可以启动进入实时系统并让安装程序最终运行。我很高兴，终于成功了。
可悲的是，在那之后，有些事情对我来说变得显而易见。我以为只需要一些更新，但这不是原因。起初我的鼠标不能用。然后我意识到，所有 USB 外围设备根本无法工作。我搜索了很多关于此问题的解决方案，但最终我意识到它们都是误导性的。 （例如鼠标缓冲区溢出等）
所有这些问题的结论是：Debian 无法识别 USB 端口。完全没有。一点也不是。
现在是驱动问题吗？我对此表示怀疑，因为这些 USB 3.0 端口没有什么特别之处，Linux 应该可以轻松处理。我还读到，即使驱动程序无法工作或出现故障或丢失，端口仍应在日志中做出反应。我不是这样的低级专家，这就是为什么我需要你的熟练帮助。我希望整个故事不要太长，但我想确保提供尽可能多的信息，而不会错过提及一些小但（也许很关键？）的细节。
消息满的输出：
dmesg |尾-40输出：
[ 11.932394] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: mono: mono_out=0x0
[ 11.932395] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: inputs:
[ 11.932397] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: Mic=0x18
[ 11.932398] snd_hda_codec_realtek hdaudioC0D0: Internal Mic=0x12
[ 11.949276] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'iwl-agn-rs'
[ 12.105509] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1b.0: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[ 12.107749] input: HDA Intel PCH Mic as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input11
[ 12.107812] input: HDA Intel PCH Headphone as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input12
[ 12.107877] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input13
[ 12.107937] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0/input14
[ 12.224425] media: Linux media interface: v0.10
[ 12.277084] Linux video capture interface: v2.00
[ 12.525901] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain package
[ 12.525903] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain core
[ 12.525904] intel_rapl: Found RAPL domain uncore
[ 12.525909] intel_rapl: RAPL package 0 domain package locked by BIOS
[ 12.615904] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlp3s0: renamed from wlan0
[ 12.655144] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated Camera (04f2:b315)
[ 12.663498] uvcvideo 4-1.6:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 4 was not initialized!
[ 12.663500] uvcvideo 4-1.6:1.0: Entity type for entity Extension 3 was not initialized!
[ 12.663501] uvcvideo 4-1.6:1.0: Entity type for entity Processing 2 was not initialized!
[ 12.663503] uvcvideo 4-1.6:1.0: Entity type for entity Camera 1 was not initialized!
[ 12.663566] input: Integrated Camera as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb4/4-1/4-1.6/4-1.6:1.0/input/input15
[ 12.663613] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
[ 12.663613] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1)
[ 12.797956] usb 3-1.3: USB disconnect, device number 4
[ 15.297792] EXT4-fs (sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 18.059519] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 18.059521] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 18.059525] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 20.476556] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (16384 buckets, 65536 max)
[ 21.349213] r8169 0000:04:00.0: firmware: direct-loading firmware rtl_nic/rtl8168e-3.fw
[ 21.464298] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: link down
[ 21.464300] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: link down
[ 21.464387] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): enp4s0: link is not ready
[ 23.530954] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: link up
[ 23.530984] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): enp4s0: link becomes ready
[ 23.617895] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
[ 23.674073] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 48.816497] fuse init (API version 7.26)
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 04f2:b315 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0483:91d1 STMicroelectronics Sensor Hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 03eb:8206 Atmel Corp.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 004: ID 04f2:b315 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 004 Device 003: ID 0483:91d1 STMicroelectronics Sensor Hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 03eb:8206 Atmel Corp.
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
如果我多次重新插入不同的 USB 设备，dmesg.
如果我应该添加更多日志，请告诉我。
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM77 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C216 Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
03:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2230 (rev c4)
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 07)
Linux hostname 4.12.9-towo.1-siduction-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT siduction 4.12-16 (2017-08-25) x86_64 GNU/Linux