我尝试安装nvidia-driver-440来升级我的图形驱动程序。
一切起初都很顺利，apt install nvidia-driver-440因为 root 用户照常进行操作，但是后来某个地方出现故障并返回错误。
我通常使用 修复此类问题apt fix-broken install，但这次没有奏效，并导致了另一个错误：
root@LesserArk:/home/sarah# apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
lib32gcc-s1 lib32gcc1 libc6-i386
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
libnvidia-gl-440 libnvidia-gl-440:i386
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libnvidia-gl-440 libnvidia-gl-440:i386
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 6 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/79.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 281 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 243074 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_i386.deb ...
diversion of /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 to /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.distrib by nvidia-340
dpkg-divert: error: mismatch on package
when removing 'diversion of /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 by libnvidia-gl-440'
found 'diversion of /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 to /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.distrib by nvidia-340'
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_i386.deb (--unpack):
new libnvidia-gl-440:i386 package pre-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
Preparing to unpack .../libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_amd64.deb ...
diversion of /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 to /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.distrib by nvidia-340
dpkg-divert: error: mismatch on package
when removing 'diversion of /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 by libnvidia-gl-440'
found 'diversion of /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 to /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1.distrib by nvidia-340'
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_amd64.deb (--unpack):
new libnvidia-gl-440:amd64 package pre-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 2
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_i386.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/libnvidia-gl-440_440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
Dist-upgrade 同样让我回去修复损坏的安装。
root@LesserArk:/home/sarah# apt dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libnvidia-ifr1-440 : Depends: libnvidia-gl-440 but it is not installed
libnvidia-ifr1-440:i386 : Depends: libnvidia-gl-440:i386 but it is not installed
nvidia-driver-440 : Depends: libnvidia-gl-440 (= 440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6) but it is not installed
Recommends: libnvidia-gl-440:i386 (= 440.82+really.440.64-0ubuntu6)
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
不知道接下来该怎么做。如何恢复我的软件包系统并安装 nvidia 驱动程序？
硬件：
sarah@LesserArk:~$ inxi -Fx
System: Host: LesserArk Kernel: 5.4.0-31-generic x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 9.3.0 Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.18.5
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Machine: Type: Laptop System: Hewlett-Packard product: HP ENVY 17 Notebook PC v: 097E110000405E00000620100
serial: <superuser/root required>
Mobo: Hewlett-Packard model: 1968 v: KBC Version 93.52 serial: <superuser/root required> UEFI: Insyde v: F.70
date: 10/20/2017
Battery: ID-1: BAT0 charge: 41.2 Wh condition: 41.2/41.2 Wh (100%) model: Hewlett-Packard Primary status: Full
CPU: Topology: Quad Core model: Intel Core i7-4702MQ bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Haswell rev: 3 L2 cache: 6144 KiB
flags: avx avx2 lm nx pae sse sse2 sse3 sse4_1 sse4_2 ssse3 vmx bogomips: 35121
Speed: 2897 MHz min/max: 800/3200 MHz Core speeds (MHz): 1: 2897 2: 2895 3: 2894 4: 2907 5: 2912 6: 2936 7: 2894
8: 2895
Graphics: Device-1: Intel 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics vendor: Hewlett-Packard driver: i915 v: kernel
bus ID: 00:02.0
Device-2: NVIDIA GK107M [GeForce GT 750M] vendor: Hewlett-Packard driver: nvidia v: 390.132 bus ID: 01:00.0
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.8 driver: modesetting,nvidia unloaded: fbdev,nouveau,vesa
resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz, 1920x1080~75Hz
OpenGL: renderer: N/A v: N/A direct render: N/A
Audio: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio vendor: Hewlett-Packard driver: snd_hda_intel
v: kernel bus ID: 00:03.0
Device-2: Intel 8 Series/C220 Series High Definition Audio vendor: Hewlett-Packard driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel
bus ID: 00:1b.0
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.4.0-31-generic
Network: Device-1: Intel Wireless 7260 driver: iwlwifi v: kernel port: 5000 bus ID: 07:00.0
IF: wlp7s0 state: up mac: e4:70:b8:f8:99:b8
Device-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Hewlett-Packard driver: r8169 v: kernel
port: 3000 bus ID: 0f:00.0
IF: eno1 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: a0:1d:48:fa:67:c0
IF-ID-1: tun0 state: unknown speed: 10 Mbps duplex: full mac: N/A
Drives: Local Storage: total: 3.21 TiB used: 1.18 TiB (36.8%)
ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Toshiba model: MQ01ABD100 size: 931.51 GiB
ID-2: /dev/sdb vendor: LITE-ON IT model: LMS-24L6M-HP size: 22.37 GiB
ID-3: /dev/sdc vendor: Seagate model: ST2000LM015-2E8174 size: 1.82 TiB
ID-4: /dev/sdd vendor: Samsung model: SSD 860 EVO 500GB size: 465.76 GiB
ID-5: /dev/sde type: USB vendor: SanDisk model: Gaming Xbox 360 size: 7.48 GiB
ID-6: /dev/sdf type: USB vendor: SanDisk model: U3 Cruzer Micro size: 1.91 GiB
RAID: Hardware-1: Intel 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode] driver: ahci v: 3.0 bus ID: 00:1f.2
Partition: ID-1: / size: 398.61 GiB used: 208.28 GiB (52.3%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sdd2
ID-2: /home size: 398.61 GiB used: 208.28 GiB (52.3%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sdd2
ID-3: swap-1 size: 14.90 GiB used: 221.5 MiB (1.5%) fs: swap dev: /dev/sdd3
Sensors: System Temperatures: cpu: 63.0 C mobo: 61.0 C gpu: nvidia temp: 57 C
Fan Speeds (RPM): N/A
Info: Processes: 468 Uptime: 10h 44m Memory: 15.57 GiB used: 10.78 GiB (69.2%) Init: systemd runlevel: 5 Compilers:
gcc: 9.3.0 Shell: bash v: 5.0.16 inxi: 3.0.38
答案1
如果没有，请尝试“安装第三方软件”。它解决了我的问题。这是安装过程的一部分。最好的方法是进行全新安装，以确保摆脱损坏的安装驱动程序。就我而言，这会自动安装所需的专有驱动程序。
我尝试了所有方法和很多命令，但没有什么效果。
在 Ubuntu 20.04LTS 官方文档中也将其提及为“已知问题”：
我还建议在全新安装之前禁用“安全启动”并启用“传统启动”。希望这会有所帮助。
答案2
这可能会解决您的问题：打开终端 CTR + ALT + T，然后输入以下命令：
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
然后：
sudo apt autoremove
然后：
sudo apt install -f
然后：
sudo apt update --fix-missing
然后：
sudo dpkg --configure -a
然后：
sudo dpkg -l | grep ^..r
然后：sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove --reinstreq 然后：
sudo apt clean
sudo apt update