我在华硕台式机上使用 Ubuntu 20.04，该台式机带有板载英特尔显卡。这个安装有点旧（可能是 17.04），我每次发布新版本时都会更新它；在使用它之前，我还在其他两个硬件上将它用作 LiveUSB。
一切似乎都运行良好，除了我不能将 VLC 与 OpenGL 一起使用。在 VLC 菜单 Tools\Preferences\Video 中，我需要设置 Output=X11 (XCB)。OpenGL 出现分段错误。
经过进一步调查，我发现 glxgears 也因分段错误而中断。我相信我已经重新安装了所有可能的驱动程序和软件包。使用 Live USB 启动或使用我在外部磁盘上安装的 Lubuntu，glxgears 和 VLC 都可以正常工作，因此一定是这个 Ubuntu 安装有问题，而不是硬件有问题。这三个操作系统中的终端中的以下命令几乎相同。
我被困在墙上了。我很感激大家帮助我尝试其他方法，如果需要的话我可以发送更多信息。我真的不想从头开始重新安装一切。
$ uname -a
Linux xxxx 5.4.0-42-generic #46-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 00:24:02 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Desktop 9 Series) (rev 02)
$ glxinfo | grep "OpenGL version"
OpenGL version string: 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 20.0.8
$ vainfo
libva info: VA-API version 1.7.0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iHD_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_7
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.7 (libva 2.6.0)
vainfo: Driver version: Intel iHD driver for Intel(R) Gen Graphics - 20.1.1 ()
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
VAProfileMPEG2Simple : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileMPEG2Main : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileH264Main : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileH264Main : VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
VAProfileH264High : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileH264High : VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
VAProfileJPEGBaseline : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileJPEGBaseline : VAEntrypointEncPicture
VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline: VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline: VAEntrypointEncSliceLP
VAProfileVP8Version0_3 : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileHEVCMain : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileHEVCMain10 : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileVP9Profile0 : VAEntrypointVLD
VAProfileVP9Profile2 : VAEntrypointVLD
$ apt list *xorg*
Listing... Pronto
fcitx5-module-xorg/focal 0.0~git20200128.9e3bc8d+ds1-3 amd64
libxorg-gtest-data/focal,focal 0.7.1-5ubuntu1 all
libxorg-gtest-dev/focal,focal 0.7.1-5ubuntu1 all
libxorg-gtest-doc/focal,focal 0.7.1-5ubuntu1 all
tigervnc-xorg-extension/focal 1.10.1+dfsg-3 amd64
xorg-dev/focal,focal 1:7.7+19ubuntu14 all
xorg-docs-core/focal,focal,now 1:1.7.1-1.1 all [installed,automatic]
xorg-docs/focal,focal 1:1.7.1-1.1 all
xorg-server-source-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xorg-server-source/focal-updates,focal-updates 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 all
xorg-sgml-doctools/focal,focal,now 1:1.11-1 all [installed,automatic]
xorg/focal,now 1:7.7+19ubuntu14 amd64 [installed]
xorgxrdp/focal 1:0.2.12-1 amd64
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-core/focal-updates,now 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-core/focal-updates 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 i386
xserver-xorg-dev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-dev/focal-updates 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 amd64
xserver-xorg-dev/focal-updates 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 i386
xserver-xorg-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-all-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-all/focal,now 1:7.7+19ubuntu14 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-dbg/focal 1:2.10.6-1 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-dev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-dev/focal,focal 1:2.10.6-1 all
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-hwe-18.04-dbg/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-evdev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-evdev/focal,now 1:2.10.6-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-input-joystick-dev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-joystick-dev/focal,focal 1:1.6.3-1build1 all
xserver-xorg-input-joystick-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-joystick/focal 1:1.6.3-1build1 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-kbd/focal 1:1.9.0-1build1 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-libinput-dev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-libinput-dev/focal,focal 0.29.0-1 all
xserver-xorg-input-libinput-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-libinput/focal,now 0.29.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-input-mouse/focal 1:1.9.3-1build1 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-mtrack-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-mtrack/focal 0.3.1-1build2 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-multitouch/focal 1.0~rc3-2 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-dev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-dev/focal,focal 1.9.1-1ubuntu3 all
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics/focal,now 1.9.1-1ubuntu3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-input-void/focal 1:1.4.1-1build3 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-wacom-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-input-wacom/focal,now 1:0.39.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-input-xwiimote/focal 0.5-1build3 amd64
xserver-xorg-legacy-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-legacy/focal-updates,now 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-legacy/focal-updates 2:1.20.8-2ubuntu2.2 i386
xserver-xorg-video-all-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-all/focal,now 1:7.7+19ubuntu14 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu/focal,now 19.1.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-ati-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-ati/focal,now 1:19.1.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-dummy-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-dummy/focal 1:0.3.8-1build3 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-fbdev/focal,now 1:0.5.0-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-intel-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-intel/focal,now 2:2.99.917+git20200226-1 amd64 [installed]
xserver-xorg-video-mga/focal 1:2.0.0-1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nouveau/focal,now 1:1.0.16-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-390/focal-updates,focal-security 390.138-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-390/focal-updates,focal-security 390.138-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-418-server/focal-updates 418.152.00-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-418/focal 430.50-0ubuntu3 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-430/focal-updates,focal-security 440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-435/focal 435.21-0ubuntu7 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-440-server/focal-updates 440.95.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-440/focal-updates,focal-security 440.100-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-openchrome-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-openchrome/focal 1:0.6.0-3build1 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-qxl-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-qxl/focal,now 0.1.5+git20200331-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-radeon-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-radeon/focal,now 1:19.1.0-1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-vesa-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-vesa/focal,now 1:2.4.0-2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg-video-vmware-hwe-18.04/focal 3:14.5 amd64
xserver-xorg-video-vmware/focal,now 1:13.3.0-3 amd64 [installed,automatic]
xserver-xorg/focal,now 1:7.7+19ubuntu14 amd64 [installed,automatic]
$ apt list mesa*
Listing... Pronto
mesa-common-dev/focal-updates,now 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 amd64 [installed]
mesa-common-dev/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 i386
mesa-opencl-icd/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 amd64
mesa-opencl-icd/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 i386
mesa-utils-extra/focal 8.4.0-1build1 amd64
mesa-utils/focal,now 8.4.0-1build1 amd64 [installed]
mesa-va-drivers/focal-updates,now 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
mesa-va-drivers/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 i386
mesa-vdpau-drivers/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 amd64
mesa-vdpau-drivers/focal-updates 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 i386
mesa-vulkan-drivers/focal-updates,now 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
mesa-vulkan-drivers/focal-updates,now 20.0.8-0ubuntu1~20.04.1 i386 [installed,automatic]
$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
OpenGL vendor string: Intel
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa Intel(R) UHD Graphics 630 (CFL GT2)
OpenGL version string: 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 20.0.8
Not software rendered: yes
Not blacklisted: yes
GLX fbconfig: yes
GLX texture from pixmap: yes
GL npot or rect textures: yes
GL vertex program: yes
GL fragment program: yes
GL vertex buffer object: yes
GL framebuffer object: yes
GL version is 1.4+: yes
Unity 3D supported: yes
$ glxgears -info
Running synchronized to the vertical refresh. The framerate should be
approximately the same as the monitor refresh rate.
GL_RENDERER = Mesa Intel(R) UHD Graphics 630 (CFL GT2)
GL_VERSION = 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 20.0.8
GL_VENDOR = Intel
GL_EXTENSIONS = GL_ARB_multisample GL_EXT_abgr GL_EXT_bgra GL_EXT_blend_color GL_EXT_blend_minmax GL_EXT_blend_subtract GL_EXT_copy_texture GL_EXT_subtexture GL_EXT_texture_object GL_EXT_vertex_array GL_EXT_compiled_vertex_array GL_EXT_texture GL_EXT_texture3D GL_IBM_rasterpos_clip GL_ARB_point_parameters GL_EXT_draw_range_elements GL_EXT_packed_pixels GL_EXT_point_parameters GL_EXT_rescale_normal GL_EXT_separate_specular_color GL_EXT_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_generate_mipmap GL_SGIS_texture_border_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_edge_clamp GL_SGIS_texture_lod GL_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB GL_ARB_multitexture GL_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB GL_IBM_multimode_draw_arrays GL_IBM_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_3DFX_texture_compression_FXT1 GL_ARB_texture_cube_map GL_ARB_texture_env_add GL_ARB_transpose_matrix GL_EXT_blend_func_separate GL_EXT_fog_coord GL_EXT_multi_draw_arrays GL_EXT_secondary_color GL_EXT_texture_env_add GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_EXT_texture_lod_bias GL_INGR_blend_func_separate GL_NV_blend_square GL_NV_light_max_exponent GL_NV_texgen_reflection GL_NV_texture_env_combine4 GL_S3_s3tc GL_SUN_multi_draw_arrays GL_ARB_texture_border_clamp GL_ARB_texture_compression GL_EXT_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc GL_EXT_texture_env_combine GL_EXT_texture_env_dot3 GL_MESA_window_pos GL_NV_packed_depth_stencil GL_NV_texture_rectangle GL_ARB_depth_texture GL_ARB_occlusion_query GL_ARB_shadow GL_ARB_texture_env_combine GL_ARB_texture_env_crossbar GL_ARB_texture_env_dot3 GL_ARB_texture_mirrored_repeat GL_ARB_window_pos GL_ATI_fragment_shader GL_EXT_stencil_two_side GL_EXT_texture_cube_map GL_NV_depth_clamp GL_NV_fog_distance GL_APPLE_packed_pixels GL_ARB_draw_buffers GL_ARB_fragment_program GL_ARB_fragment_shader GL_ARB_shader_objects GL_ARB_vertex_program GL_ARB_vertex_shader GL_ATI_draw_buffers GL_ATI_texture_env_combine3 GL_ATI_texture_float GL_EXT_shadow_funcs GL_EXT_stencil_wrap GL_MESA_pack_invert GL_NV_primitive_restart GL_ARB_depth_clamp GL_ARB_fragment_program_shadow GL_ARB_half_float_pixel GL_ARB_occlusion_query2 GL_ARB_point_sprite GL_ARB_shading_language_100 GL_ARB_sync GL_ARB_texture_non_power_of_two GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object GL_ATI_blend_equation_separate GL_EXT_blend_equation_separate GL_OES_read_format GL_ARB_color_buffer_float GL_ARB_pixel_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_compression_rgtc GL_ARB_texture_float GL_ARB_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_packed_float GL_EXT_pixel_buffer_object GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1 GL_EXT_texture_compression_rgtc GL_EXT_texture_rectangle GL_EXT_texture_sRGB GL_EXT_texture_shared_exponent GL_ARB_framebuffer_object GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample GL_EXT_packed_depth_stencil GL_ARB_vertex_array_object GL_ATI_separate_stencil GL_EXT_draw_buffers2 GL_EXT_draw_instanced GL_EXT_gpu_program_parameters GL_EXT_gpu_shader4 GL_EXT_texture_array GL_EXT_texture_integer GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode GL_EXT_timer_query GL_OES_EGL_image GL_AMD_performance_monitor GL_EXT_texture_buffer_object GL_AMD_texture_texture4 GL_ARB_copy_buffer GL_ARB_depth_buffer_float GL_ARB_draw_instanced GL_ARB_half_float_vertex GL_ARB_instanced_arrays GL_ARB_map_buffer_range GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object GL_ARB_texture_rg GL_ARB_texture_swizzle GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra GL_EXT_texture_swizzle GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra GL_NV_conditional_render GL_AMD_conservative_depth GL_AMD_depth_clamp_separate GL_AMD_draw_buffers_blend GL_AMD_seamless_cubemap_per_texture GL_AMD_shader_stencil_export GL_ARB_ES2_compatibility GL_ARB_blend_func_extended GL_ARB_compatibility GL_ARB_debug_output GL_ARB_draw_buffers_blend GL_ARB_draw_elements_base_vertex GL_ARB_explicit_attrib_location GL_ARB_fragment_coord_conventions GL_ARB_provoking_vertex GL_ARB_sample_shading GL_ARB_sampler_objects GL_ARB_seamless_cube_map GL_ARB_shader_stencil_export GL_ARB_shader_texture_lod GL_ARB_tessellation_shader GL_ARB_texture_buffer_object_rgb32 GL_ARB_texture_cube_map_array GL_ARB_texture_gather GL_ARB_texture_multisample GL_ARB_texture_query_lod GL_ARB_texture_rgb10_a2ui GL_ARB_uniform_buffer_object GL_ARB_vertex_type_2_10_10_10_rev GL_EXT_provoking_vertex GL_EXT_texture_snorm GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba GL_NV_texture_barrier GL_ARB_draw_indirect GL_ARB_get_program_binary GL_ARB_gpu_shader5 GL_ARB_gpu_shader_fp64 GL_ARB_robustness GL_ARB_separate_shader_objects GL_ARB_shader_bit_encoding GL_ARB_shader_precision GL_ARB_shader_subroutine GL_ARB_texture_compression_bptc GL_ARB_timer_query GL_ARB_transform_feedback2 GL_ARB_transform_feedback3 GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_64bit GL_ARB_viewport_array GL_EXT_direct_state_access GL_EXT_vertex_attrib_64bit GL_AMD_multi_draw_indirect GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3 GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5 GL_ARB_base_instance GL_ARB_compressed_texture_pixel_storage GL_ARB_conservative_depth GL_ARB_internalformat_query GL_ARB_map_buffer_alignment GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counters GL_ARB_shader_image_load_store GL_ARB_shading_language_420pack GL_ARB_shading_language_packing GL_ARB_texture_storage GL_ARB_transform_feedback_instanced GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled GL_EXT_transform_feedback GL_AMD_query_buffer_object GL_AMD_shader_trinary_minmax GL_AMD_vertex_shader_layer GL_AMD_vertex_shader_viewport_index GL_ARB_ES3_compatibility GL_ARB_arrays_of_arrays GL_ARB_clear_buffer_object GL_ARB_compute_shader GL_ARB_copy_image GL_ARB_explicit_uniform_location GL_ARB_fragment_layer_viewport GL_ARB_framebuffer_no_attachments GL_ARB_invalidate_subdata GL_ARB_multi_draw_indirect GL_ARB_program_interface_query GL_ARB_robust_buffer_access_behavior GL_ARB_shader_image_size GL_ARB_shader_storage_buffer_object GL_ARB_stencil_texturing GL_ARB_texture_buffer_range GL_ARB_texture_query_levels GL_ARB_texture_storage_multisample GL_ARB_texture_view GL_ARB_vertex_attrib_binding GL_KHR_debug GL_KHR_robustness GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_ldr GL_AMD_pinned_memory GL_ARB_buffer_storage GL_ARB_clear_texture GL_ARB_enhanced_layouts GL_ARB_indirect_parameters GL_ARB_internalformat_query2 GL_ARB_multi_bind GL_ARB_query_buffer_object GL_ARB_seamless_cubemap_per_texture GL_ARB_shader_draw_parameters GL_ARB_shader_group_vote GL_ARB_shading_language_include GL_ARB_texture_mirror_clamp_to_edge GL_ARB_texture_stencil8 GL_ARB_vertex_type_10f_11f_11f_rev GL_EXT_shader_framebuffer_fetch GL_EXT_shader_integer_mix GL_INTEL_performance_query GL_ARB_ES3_1_compatibility GL_ARB_clip_control GL_ARB_conditional_render_inverted GL_ARB_cull_distance GL_ARB_derivative_control GL_ARB_direct_state_access GL_ARB_get_texture_sub_image GL_ARB_pipeline_statistics_query GL_ARB_shader_texture_image_samples GL_ARB_texture_barrier GL_ARB_transform_feedback_overflow_query GL_EXT_polygon_offset_clamp GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced GL_KHR_blend_equation_advanced_coherent GL_KHR_context_flush_control GL_KHR_robust_buffer_access_behavior GL_ARB_fragment_shader_interlock GL_ARB_gpu_shader_int64 GL_ARB_parallel_shader_compile GL_ARB_post_depth_coverage GL_ARB_shader_atomic_counter_ops GL_ARB_shader_ballot GL_ARB_shader_clock GL_ARB_shader_viewport_layer_array GL_EXT_shader_samples_identical GL_KHR_no_error GL_KHR_texture_compression_astc_sliced_3d GL_NV_fragment_shader_interlock GL_ARB_gl_spirv GL_ARB_spirv_extensions GL_MESA_shader_integer_functions GL_ARB_polygon_offset_clamp GL_ARB_texture_filter_anisotropic GL_KHR_parallel_shader_compile GL_EXT_EGL_image_storage GL_EXT_shader_framebuffer_fetch_non_coherent GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_R8 GL_EXT_texture_shadow_lod GL_INTEL_shader_atomic_float_minmax GL_INTEL_shader_integer_functions2 GL_MESA_framebuffer_flip_y GL_NV_compute_shader_derivatives GL_EXT_EGL_sync GL_EXT_demote_to_helper_invocation
VisualID 300, 0x12c
Falha de segmentação (imagem do núcleo gravada)
$ glmark2
=======================================================
glmark2 2014.03+git20150611.fa71af2d
=======================================================
OpenGL Information
GL_VENDOR: Intel
GL_RENDERER: Mesa Intel(R) UHD Graphics 630 (CFL GT2)
GL_VERSION: 4.6 (Compatibility Profile) Mesa 20.0.8
=======================================================
[build] use-vbo=false: FPS: 4274 FrameTime: 0.234 ms
=======================================================
glmark2 Score: 4274
=======================================================
$ ldd /usr/bin/glxgears
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc56743000)
libgtk3-nocsd.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgtk3-nocsd.so.0 (0x00007f3a00d02000)
libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 (0x00007f3a00c7a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f3a00b2b000)
libX11.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007f3a009ee000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f3a007fc000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f3a007f6000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f3a007d1000)
libGLdispatch.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0 (0x00007f3a00719000)
libGLX.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX.so.0 (0x00007f3a006e5000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f3a00f43000)
libxcb.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007f3a006bb000)
libXau.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007f3a006b5000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007f3a006ab000)
libbsd.so.0 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007f3a00691000)
$ valgrind glxgears
==99649== Memcheck, a memory error detector
==99649== Copyright (C) 2002-2017, and GNU GPL'd, by Julian Seward et al.
==99649== Using Valgrind-3.15.0 and LibVEX; rerun with -h for copyright info
==99649== Command: glxgears
==99649==
...
==99649==
==99649== Invalid write of size 8
==99649== at 0x4842AD9: memmove (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==99649== by 0x638A2FF: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5E80C55: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x598C0C6: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x598BB27: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x597DC49: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5B48160: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5A0F54A: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5A31A79: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x10B1BB: ??? (in /usr/bin/glxgears)
==99649== by 0x10AC87: ??? (in /usr/bin/glxgears)
==99649== by 0x4DBC0B2: (below main) (libc-start.c:308)
==99649== Address 0x7f2e1a4792a0 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==99649==
==99649== Invalid write of size 2
==99649== at 0x4842B33: memmove (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==99649== by 0x6391B34: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x6689FEE: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x597DBC6: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5B48160: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5A0F54A: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x5A31A79: ??? (in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/iris_dri.so)
==99649== by 0x10B1BB: ??? (in /usr/bin/glxgears)
==99649== by 0x10AC87: ??? (in /usr/bin/glxgears)
==99649== by 0x4DBC0B2: (below main) (libc-start.c:308)
==99649== Address 0x7f2e1a715bf8 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd
==99649==
X connection to :0 broken (explicit kill or server shutdown).
==99649==
==99649== HEAP SUMMARY:
==99649== in use at exit: 2,398,721 bytes in 9,054 blocks
==99649== total heap usage: 16,738 allocs, 7,684 frees, 6,086,266 bytes allocated
==99649==
==99649== LEAK SUMMARY:
==99649== definitely lost: 88 bytes in 3 blocks
==99649== indirectly lost: 272 bytes in 4 blocks
==99649== possibly lost: 343,991 bytes in 1,332 blocks
==99649== still reachable: 2,054,370 bytes in 7,715 blocks
==99649== suppressed: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==99649== Rerun with --leak-check=full to see details of leaked memory
==99649==
==99649== For lists of detected and suppressed errors, rerun with: -s
==99649== ERROR SUMMARY: 6296 errors from 598 contexts (suppressed: 0 from 0)
答案1
您可以做的一件事是查看ldd输出以glxgears查看它正在使用什么。对我来说，在 Ubuntu 20.04 上，它看起来像这样：
$ ldd /usr/bin/glxgears
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd80d06000)
libGL.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so.1 (0x00007f5544534000)
libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f55443e5000)
libX11.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so.6 (0x00007f55442a8000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f55440b6000)
libGLdispatch.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLdispatch.so.0 (0x00007f5543ffe000)
libGLX.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLX.so.0 (0x00007f5543fca000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f55445e4000)
libxcb.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 (0x00007f5543f9e000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f5543f98000)
libXau.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXau.so.6 (0x00007f5543f92000)
libXdmcp.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXdmcp.so.6 (0x00007f5543f8a000)
libbsd.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0 (0x00007f5543f70000)
这里列出的库可能很重要，您可以检查是否由于某种原因恰好安装了其中一个不寻常的版本。
您可以尝试的另一件事是像这样glxgears运行：valgrind
valgrind glxgears
然后valgrind应该向您显示一些有关分段错误发生位置的信息，这可能会有用。
您可以尝试安装包含调试符号的软件包（或者在打开 -g 编译器选项的情况下自己从源代码构建）以允许 valgrind 显示更详细的信息。
答案2
对于遇到过同样问题的人：我进入了恢复模式和 FailsafeX，我没有做任何更改，只运行了一次，然后就回到了正常模式。这样 VLC 和 glxgears 就可以正常工作了。Ubuntu 不知怎么地自己修复了这些缺陷。