我管理着几台安装在制造工厂的远程机器，它们运行的是 Ubuntu 18.04。几个月来，我经常看到意外的内核锁定，我无法解释。所谓锁定，是指机器完全死机。图形屏幕和键盘冻结。在锁定期间，我无法 ping 或通过 ssh 连接。让机器恢复的唯一方法是通过电源关闭/打开顺序。重新启动后，我在日志中找不到有关锁定的任何有意义的信息。这台机器质量很好，配有 6 核 Xeon、ECC 内存等。多台机器都出现了完全相同的问题。
几天前，我能够创建一系列事件，这些事件会在几分钟内产生锁定。这些事件与以 12 Mbits/s 连接的 USB 设备上的 USB 2.0 中断 I/O 有关。需要至少连接 36 台设备才能轻松重现问题，而我所在的地方无法做到这一点。这些机器位于我居住的国家/地区以外的国家/地区，由于 COVID-19 限制，我无法实际访问它们。
由于公司规定，我无法升级内核，即：Linux 版本 5.0.0-37-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-023) (gcc 版本 7.4.0 (Ubuntu 7.4.0-1ubuntu1~18.04.1)) #40~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Nov 14 12:06:39 UTC 2019。没有安装任何特殊的 USB 驱动程序。但是，安装了 NVIDIA 制造商驱动程序，我使用 Ubuntu 常规非免费软件工具安装了它。所有 USB I/O 均由普通用户完成（设备组由 udev 设置为用户组）。
在测试阶段，我们尝试了内核 5.3.0-62-generic，它具有相同的行为。我猜想，对于普通用户来说，这个错误很少出现，并且可能会存在很长时间。
我想弄清楚问题到底出在哪里，并寻求您的指导。
当发生锁定时，是否有办法获取有关锁定的有意义的信息？考虑到我是远程的，如何找出内核挂起的位置？
附加信息：
需要说明的是，我们有两台机器存在完全相同的问题。一台仍在运行内核 5.3.0-62，另一台运行 5.0.0-37。以下是我收集的信息：
猫/proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 85
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2133 CPU @ 3.60GHz
stepping : 4
microcode : 0x2006906
cpu MHz : 1200.306
cache size : 8448 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 12
core id : 0
cpu cores : 6
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 invpcid_single pti intel_ppin ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm mpx rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req md_clear flush_l1d
bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit
bogomips : 7200.00
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
....
processor : 11
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 85
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2133 CPU @ 3.60GHz
stepping : 4
microcode : 0x2006906
cpu MHz : 1200.379
cache size : 8448 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 12
core id : 5
cpu cores : 6
apicid : 11
initial apicid : 11
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 invpcid_single pti intel_ppin ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm mpx rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_act_window hwp_epp hwp_pkg_req md_clear flush_l1d
bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit
bogomips : 7200.00
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
免费-h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 31G 860M 29G 7.1M 1.3G 29G
Swap: 15G 0B 15G
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
Release: 18.04
Codename: bionic
猫/ proc /版本
Linux version 5.3.0-62-generic (buildd@lcy01-amd64-004) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)) #56~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 24 16:17:03 UTC 2020
sysctl vm.swappiness
vm.swappiness = 60
lshw-C 内存
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 1
slot: L1-Cache
size: 384KiB
capacity: 384KiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 2
slot: L2-Cache
size: 6MiB
capacity: 6MiB
capabilities: internal varies unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:2
description: L3 cache
physical id: 4
slot: L3-Cache
size: 8448KiB
capacity: 8448KiB
capabilities: internal varies unified
configuration: level=3
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 6
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 32GiB
capabilities: ecc
configuration: errordetection=ecc
*-bank:0
description: DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Registered (Buffered) 2666 MHz (0.4 ns)
product: HMA81GR7CJR8N-VK
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 0
serial: 33B2CDD7
slot: CPU0-DIMM1
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2666MHz (0.4ns)
*-bank:1
description: DIMM [empty]
physical id: 1
slot: CPU0-DIMM2
*-bank:2
description: DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Registered (Buffered) 2666 MHz (0.4 ns)
product: HMA81GR7CJR8N-VK
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 2
serial: 33B2CD95
slot: CPU0-DIMM3
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2666MHz (0.4ns)
*-bank:3
description: DIMM [empty]
physical id: 3
slot: CPU0-DIMM4
*-bank:4
description: DIMM [empty]
physical id: 4
slot: CPU0-DIMM5
*-bank:5
description: DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Registered (Buffered) 2666 MHz (0.4 ns)
product: HMA81GR7CJR8N-VK
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 5
serial: 33B2CDD8
slot: CPU0-DIMM6
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2666MHz (0.4ns)
*-bank:6
description: DIMM [empty]
physical id: 6
slot: CPU0-DIMM7
*-bank:7
description: DIMM DDR4 Synchronous Registered (Buffered) 2666 MHz (0.4 ns)
product: HMA81GR7CJR8N-VK
vendor: Hynix
physical id: 7
serial: 33B2CCC4
slot: CPU0-DIMM8
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2666MHz (0.4ns)
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: HP
physical id: 5
version: P61 v01.76
date: 04/22/2019
size: 64KiB
capacity: 15MiB
capabilities: pci pnp upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification netboot uefi
*-memory UNCLAIMED
description: Memory controller
product: 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 00
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz (30.3ns)
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:90420000-90423fff
串行通信
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers (rev 04)
00:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E MM/Vt-d Configuration Registers (rev 04)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2025 (rev 04)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Device 2026 (rev 04)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Thermal Subsystem
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1
00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation C600/X79 series chipset SATA RAID Controller
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #21 (rev f0)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f0)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation C422 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller
00:1f.5 Non-VGA unclassified device: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SPI Controller
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (2) I219-LM
01:00.0 PCI bridge: Pericom Semiconductor PI7C9X111SL PCIe-to-PCI Reversible Bridge (rev 02)
02:04.0 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
02:04.1 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
02:04.2 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
05:00.0 PCI bridge: Pericom Semiconductor PI7C9X111SL PCIe-to-PCI Reversible Bridge (rev 02)
06:04.0 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
06:04.1 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
06:04.2 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)
14:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
14:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2034 (rev 04)
14:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
14:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Device 2036 (rev 04)
14:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:08.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:09.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0e.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:1d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:1d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:1d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:1d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
14:1e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
15:00.0 PCI bridge: Pericom Semiconductor PI7C9X111SL PCIe-to-PCI Reversible Bridge (rev 02)
16:04.0 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
16:04.1 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
16:04.2 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)
20:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
20:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2034 (rev 04)
20:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
20:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Device 2036 (rev 04)
20:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2066 (rev 04)
20:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2066 (rev 04)
20:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2040 (rev 04)
20:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2041 (rev 04)
20:0a.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2042 (rev 04)
20:0a.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2043 (rev 04)
20:0a.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2044 (rev 04)
20:0a.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2045 (rev 04)
20:0a.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2046 (rev 04)
20:0a.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2047 (rev 04)
20:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2048 (rev 04)
20:0b.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2049 (rev 04)
20:0b.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 204a (rev 04)
20:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 204b (rev 04)
20:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2040 (rev 04)
20:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2041 (rev 04)
20:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2042 (rev 04)
20:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2043 (rev 04)
20:0c.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2044 (rev 04)
20:0c.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2045 (rev 04)
20:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2046 (rev 04)
20:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2047 (rev 04)
20:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2048 (rev 04)
20:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2049 (rev 04)
20:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 204a (rev 04)
20:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 204b (rev 04)
21:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL [Quadro P400] (rev a1)
21:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GP107GL High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
2c:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
2c:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port C (rev 04)
2c:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port D (rev 04)
2c:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Device 2034 (rev 04)
2c:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
2c:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Device 2036 (rev 04)
2c:12.0 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
2c:12.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
2c:12.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
2c:15.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
2c:16.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
2c:16.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
2c:17.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
2d:00.0 PCI bridge: Pericom Semiconductor PI7C9X111SL PCIe-to-PCI Reversible Bridge (rev 02)
2e:04.0 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
2e:04.1 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. VT82xx/62xx UHCI USB 1.1 Controller (rev 62)
2e:04.2 USB controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. USB 2.0 (rev 65)
谢谢您的回答。
出现内存问题的可能性太小了：这是两台具有完全相同行为的全新机器。
每组 18 个 USB 设备都连接到一个 10 安培电源供电的 HUB。每个集线器都有自己的 USB 2.0 根，我的意思是，我安装了多个 USB 2.0 PCI Express 扩展卡，每个 HUB 只使用每个扩展卡的一个端口。我也不认为我在那里遇到了问题。
关于 BIOS，由于我缺乏知识，我无法理解 Linux 接管后它会如何影响扩展卡。我希望能够澄清 BIOS 机制会干扰内核访问接口的方式。
然而，最重要的是，应用程序的更改可以避免内核锁定。因此，如果普通用户运行具有 /dev/bus/usb/XXX/XXX 读/写访问权限的用户应用程序，如果他非常快速地访问设备，则可以锁定内核。正如我们所观察到的，只需进行简单的更改，之前在开机几分钟后锁定的 PC 就不会在 72 小时内锁定。我的意思是应用程序基本相同，唯一的区别是延迟几毫秒，这将避免内核锁定。另外需要澄清的是：在访问同一设备之间没有引入延迟。但如果应用程序同时访问所有设备（没有延迟），则几分钟后就会发生内核锁定。
我真的认为我应该接触内核，并弄清楚它锁定的确切原因。如果应用程序同时提交过多的 URB，我们很有可能获得内核锁定。URB 提交之间的延迟将避免锁定。
我的观点是，对 USB 设备的简单 ioctl 调用不应该破坏内核。我需要帮助来解决内核问题。这个问题很难重现，因为它需要连接许多设备，而这些设备位于我无法物理访问的地方，这是由于 COVID-19 旅行限制。
关于如何调试这个内核问题有什么线索吗？
答案1
BIOS
您的 HP BIOS 版本：P61 v01.76
我需要确切的品牌/型号才能检查是否有更新的 BIOS。如果您有HP Z4 G4 workstation(P61)，那么可以使用更新的 BIOS，版本 2.59，发布日期为 2020 年 9 月 4 日这里。
注意：请确认我拥有适合您型号的正确网页。
注意：更新 BIOS 之前请做好备份。
记忆
我还需要通过用户手册检查您的内存配置，因为它可能不正确。
根据这，您的内存安装正确。
去https://www.memtest86.com/并免费下载/运行它们memtest来测试你的记忆力。至少完成一次所有 4/4 测试以确认记忆力良好。这可能需要几个小时才能完成。
USB
一个 USB 控制器上可能有太多 USB 设备。大多数计算机都有多个 USB 集线器，将一些 USB 设备连接到不同 USB 集线器的 USB 端口可能会有所不同。
用于lsusb查看您的 USB 集线器。
用于lsusb -tv确定 USB 设备的连接位置。
如果可能的话，将一些 USB 设备移至其他 USB 端口。
您可能还遇到了 USB 电源问题，可以通过使用外部供电USB 集线器。