我有两台 Linux 笔记本电脑。两台都运行 Kubuntu 20.04.2 并使用 5.10 内核。一台笔记本电脑是联想 Thinkpad T14s AMD，另一台是戴尔 XPS 13。两台都安装了 pulseaudio 13.99.1。
我还有一个 Shure MV7 USB 麦克风和两个不同的底座；一个是 USB-C，另一个是可回退到 USB-C 的 TB3 底座（T14s AMD 不支持 TB3，XPS 支持）。
使用任一底座，Thinkpad 都可以使用麦克风。使用任一底座，XPS 13 都无法使用麦克风。配备 TB3 的 MacBook Pro 可以使用任一底座使用麦克风。
以下是正在运行的 Thinkpad 的 dmesg 输出：
[18915.145402] usb 4-1.3: new full-speed USB device number 16 using xhci_hcd
[18915.321247] usb 4-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=14ed, idProduct=1012, bcdDevice= 0.02
[18915.321253] usb 4-1.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=128
[18915.321255] usb 4-1.3: Product: Shure MV7
[18915.321257] usb 4-1.3: Manufacturer: Shure Inc
[18915.770689] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.0013: hiddev0,hidraw7: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:06:00.3-1.3/input3
[18915.781579] input: Shure Inc Shure MV7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.3/4-1.3:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.0014/input/input44
[18915.841698] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.0014: input,hidraw8: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:06:00.3-1.3/input4
[18916.649623] retire_capture_urb: 203 callbacks suppressed
以下是lsusbThinkpad 工作时的输出：
Bus 004 Device 016: ID 14ed:1012 Shure Inc. EMV Smartcard Reader
以下是来自非工作 XPS 的 dmesg 输出：
[56983.419316] usb 5-2.1.4: new full-speed USB device number 116 using xhci_hcd
[56983.577231] usb 5-2.1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=14ed, idProduct=1012, bcdDevice= 0.02
[56983.577237] usb 5-2.1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=128
[56983.577240] usb 5-2.1.4: Product: Shure MV7
[56983.577242] usb 5-2.1.4: Manufacturer: Shure Inc
[56983.607384] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.03C9: hiddev0,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:04:00.0-2.1.4/input3
[56983.608569] input: Shure Inc Shure MV7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.03CA/input/in
put508
[56983.667617] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.03CA: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:04:00.0-2.1.4/input4
... a few seconds pass ...
[56986.435299] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-32)
[56986.443559] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.451594] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.460171] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.468548] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.477551] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.485375] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.493197] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.501384] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.509453] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.518465] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.526489] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.534350] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.542324] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.550625] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.559931] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.568032] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.576003] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
[56986.576367] usb 5-2.1.4: USB disconnect, device number 116
[56986.576411] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.576675] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.577389] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.577419] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.577445] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.577601] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.577740] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.578196] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.578223] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.578247] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
[56986.578371] usb 5-2.1.4: 1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-19)
... device appears again immediately ...
[56986.915092] usb 5-2.1.4: new full-speed USB device number 117 using xhci_hcd
[56987.069247] usb 5-2.1.4: New USB device found, idVendor=14ed, idProduct=1012, bcdDevice= 0.02
[56987.069251] usb 5-2.1.4: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=128
[56987.069254] usb 5-2.1.4: Product: Shure MV7
[56987.069256] usb 5-2.1.4: Manufacturer: Shure Inc
[56987.101511] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.03CB: hiddev0,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:04:00.0-2.1.4/input3
[56987.102673] input: Shure Inc Shure MV7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.03CC/input/in
put509
[56987.159557] hid-generic 0003:14ED:1012.03CC: input,hidraw3: USB HID v1.11 Device [Shure Inc Shure MV7] on usb-0000:04:00.0-2.1.4/input4
以下是非lsusb工作 XPS 的输出：
Bus 005 Device 014: ID 14ed:1012 Shure Inc.
有什么办法可以让麦克风与 XPS 13 配合使用吗？使用基本的 USB-A 转 USBC 适配器插入也不起作用。
请注意，XPS 的功耗为 45W，而 Thinkpad 的功耗为 65W，因此我认为问题不在于底座无法同时为 XPS 和麦克风供电。
更新 2021-02-27：
我将 XPS 上的内核更新到 5.11，但没有帮助。
以下是各种命令的一系列输出。对于大多数命令，我删除了与 MV7 无关的条目。
/proc/asound/cards
工作的ThinkPad：
5 [MV7 ]: USB-Audio - Shure MV7
Shure Inc Shure MV7 at usb-0000:06:00.3-1.1.3, full speed
不工作的 XPS：
2 [MV7 ]: USB-Audio - Shure MV7
Shure Inc Shure MV7 at usb-0000:04:00.0-2.1.4, full speed
sudo inxi -SA
工作的ThinkPad：
System: Host: thinkpad Kernel: 5.10.13-051013-generic x86_64 bits: 64 Desktop: KDE Plasma 5.18.5
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Audio: Device-1: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD/ATI] driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-2: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Raven/Raven2/FireFlight/Renoir Audio Processor
driver: snd_rn_pci_acp3x
Device-3: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] Family 17h HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-4: Logitech OrbiCam type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo
Device-5: Lenovo type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Device-6: Shure EMV Smartcard Reader type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.10.13-051013-generic
不工作的 XPS：
System: Host: xps Kernel: 5.11.0-051100-generic x86_64 bits: 64 Console: tty 5
Distro: Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS (Focal Fossa)
Audio: Device-1: Intel driver: sof-audio-pci
Device-2: Logitech OrbiCam type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo
Device-3: Lenovo USB2.0 Hub type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Device-4: Shure type: USB driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.11.0-051100-generic
sudo lshw -C multimedia
工作的ThinkPad：
*-usb:1
description: Audio device
product: Shure MV7
vendor: Shure Inc
physical id: 3
bus info: usb@4:1.1.3
version: 0.02
capabilities: usb-2.00 audio-control
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=12Mbit/s
不工作的 XPS：
*-usb:1
description: Audio device
product: Shure MV7
vendor: Shure Inc
physical id: 4
bus info: usb@5:2.1.4
version: 0.02
capabilities: usb-2.00 audio-control
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=12Mbit/s
dpkg -l | grep alsa
工作的ThinkPad：
ii alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5 all ALSA driver configuration files
ii alsa-topology-conf 1.2.2-1 all ALSA topology configuration files
ii alsa-ucm-conf 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.5 all ALSA Use Case Manager configuration files
ii alsa-utils 1.2.2-1ubuntu2 amd64 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
ii libsox-fmt-alsa:amd64 14.4.2+git20190427-2 amd64 SoX alsa format I/O library
不工作的 XPS：
ii alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5 all ALSA driver configuration files
ii alsa-topology-conf 1.2.2-1 all ALSA topology configuration files
ii alsa-ucm-conf 1.2.2-1ubuntu0.5 all ALSA Use Case Manager configuration files
ii alsa-utils 1.2.2-1ubuntu2 amd64 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
然后我libsox-fmt-alsa在 XPS 上安装了该包，但没有帮助。
grep intel /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
工作的ThinkPad：
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
不工作的 XPS：
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
我还在两台机器上运行了该命令dpkg -L linux-modules-<version>-generic | grep snd，输出到文件，清理了内核版本，并对输出进行了差异分析。唯一的区别是 XPS 比 Thinkpad 加载了更多的内核模块。以下是清理后的差异：
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/adi/snd-soc-adi-axi-i2s.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/adi/snd-soc-adi-axi-spdif.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adau1372-i2c.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adau1372-spi.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adau1372.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-lpass-va-macro.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-lpass-wsa-macro.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-nau8315.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-pcm5102a.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-simple-mux.ko
> /lib/modules/.../kernel/sound/soc/fsl/snd-soc-fsl-xcvr.ko
然后我检查并运行了sudo modprobe -r snd-*列出的每个模块，并重新插入了麦克风。dmesg 故障仍然以相同的方式出现。
udevadm monitor -u
工作的ThinkPad：
UDEV [215394.300375] add /class/usbmisc (class)
UDEV [215394.390245] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4 (usb)
UDEV [215394.394469] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [215394.394585] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [215394.396165] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [215394.396764] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [215394.397311] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [215394.397745] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0/sound/card4 (sound)
UDEV [215394.398833] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [215394.399652] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [215394.400337] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.00A3 (hid)
UDEV [215394.400933] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.00A4 (hid)
UDEV [215394.402051] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0/sound/card4/pcmC4D0p (sound)
UDEV [215394.402290] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3/usbmisc/hiddev0 (usbmisc)
UDEV [215394.403642] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0/sound/card4/pcmC4D0c (sound)
UDEV [215394.405980] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.00A4/input/input218 (input)
UDEV [215394.406090] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.00A3/hidraw/hidraw8 (hidraw)
UDEV [215394.407149] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.00A4/hidraw/hidraw9 (hidraw)
UDEV [215394.407695] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.00A3 (hid)
UDEV [215394.409578] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [215394.415733] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0/sound/card4/controlC4 (sound)
UDEV [215394.417798] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [215394.455823] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.00A4/input/input218/event22 (input)
UDEV [215394.457949] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.00A4 (hid)
UDEV [215394.460696] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [215394.468706] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4 (usb)
UDEV [215394.472079] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:06:00.3/usb4/4-1/4-1.1/4-1.1.4/4-1.1.4:1.0/sound/card4 (sound)
不工作的 XPS：
UDEV [235.479054] add /class/usbmisc (class)
UDEV [236.099173] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4 (usb)
UDEV [236.104541] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [236.104950] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [236.107060] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [236.107348] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [236.107964] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [236.109051] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B (hid)
UDEV [236.109557] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C (hid)
UDEV [236.109746] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/usbmisc/hiddev0 (usbmisc)
UDEV [236.112068] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1 (sound)
UDEV [236.116508] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [236.116590] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [236.118343] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/input/input90 (input)
UDEV [236.118689] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/pcmC1D0c (sound)
UDEV [236.119072] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/pcmC1D0p (sound)
UDEV [236.127047] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B/hidraw/hidraw4 (hidraw)
UDEV [236.127116] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/hidraw/hidraw5 (hidraw)
UDEV [236.128600] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B (hid)
UDEV [236.131412] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [236.132076] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/controlC1 (sound)
UDEV [236.135173] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [236.162197] add /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/input/input90/event12 (input)
UDEV [236.163989] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C (hid)
UDEV [236.166410] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [236.171088] bind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4 (usb)
UDEV [236.172704] change /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1 (sound)
UDEV [238.530899] remove /class/usbmisc (class)
UDEV [238.532306] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/pcmC1D0p (sound)
UDEV [238.532452] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/controlC1 (sound)
UDEV [238.532504] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/usbmisc/hiddev0 (usbmisc)
UDEV [238.532544] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B/hidraw/hidraw4 (hidraw)
UDEV [238.532876] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1/pcmC1D0c (sound)
UDEV [238.534155] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [238.534212] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [238.534672] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B (hid)
UDEV [238.535377] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0/sound/card1 (sound)
UDEV [238.536409] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3/0003:14ED:1012.007B (hid)
UDEV [238.537504] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.2 (usb)
UDEV [238.537605] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.1 (usb)
UDEV [238.539728] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [238.540881] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [238.543144] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.0 (usb)
UDEV [238.543923] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.3 (usb)
UDEV [238.562540] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/input/input90/event12 (input)
UDEV [238.610007] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/input/input90 (input)
UDEV [238.610090] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C/hidraw/hidraw5 (hidraw)
UDEV [238.611055] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C (hid)
UDEV [238.611641] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4/0003:14ED:1012.007C (hid)
UDEV [238.612897] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [238.613937] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4/5-2.1.4:1.4 (usb)
UDEV [238.615092] unbind /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4 (usb)
UDEV [238.616111] remove /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:07.0/0000:02:00.0/0000:03:02.0/0000:04:00.0/usb5/5-2/5-2.1/5-2.1.4 (usb)
然后，此输出会循环重复，与 dmesg 输出非常相似。
答案1
您可以尝试与本题类似的解决方法Ubuntu 20.04 重启后只有“虚拟输出”（声音）-驱动程序/模块损坏 问题出在声音输出上。这有点类似，但并不相同。
尝试使用可行和不可行系统之间的比较（正如您已经开始做的那样）。检查一些信息命令。我在这里复制了在另一种情况下使用的内容。一些测试适用于这两种情况。细微的变化也应该有帮助。
$ cat /proc/asound/cards
$ lsmod | grep snd
$ dpkg -L linux-modules-<your version>-generic | grep snd
$ inxi -SA
$ lspci -nnk | grep -A 1 Audio
$ uname -a
$ lshw -C multimedia
$ dpkg -l | grep alsa
$ grep intel /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
请发布输出，并花一些时间找出（您判断的）有意义的差异并指出它们，以便其他人可以更好地帮助您。
您可能缺少包裹、驱动程序等。如果您幸运的话，这只是一个linux-modules-...包裹。
答案2
首先，MV7 在我的台式电脑上使用 Ubuntu（18.04）运行良好。
重新插入一些 USB 设备后，我遇到了类似的问题：连接/断开循环并显示以下消息：
1:1: usb_set_interface failed (-71)
尽管 (USB) 网络摄像头和视频流时断时续。我恢复了重新插入，一切又恢复正常了：对我来说，“修复”方法是，为 MV7 使用 USB2 插槽，而不是 USB3 插槽。
看起来 USB3 问题不仅与 MV7 有关：https://askubuntu.com/a/1199300。
答案3
我在 Dell XPS 15 9550 上安装了 Ubuntu 20.04，并且面临同样的问题，麦克风会无限重启。
基于关于这个答案，问题似乎是 PulseAudio 与麦克风的通信方式导致麦克风的固件崩溃。
我用 PipeWire 替换了 PulseAudio，现在 MV7 运行正常。我使用了以下 PPA：https://github.com/pipewire-debian/pipewire-debian#1-ppa-configuration
请务必遵循有关禁用 PulseAudio 服务的说明，然后在完成后重新启动系统。