如果我中断 grub 并选择恢复模式，然后恢复正常启动，我会得到一个可以工作但不令人满意的低分辨率显示。
主板 BIOS 版本：0232 x64 01/06/2021
其他值得注意的是，我已经升级到最新的内核和最新的 Mesa。
查看大多数其他问题线索，我将尝试包含尽可能多的信息：
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.10
Release: 20.10
Codename: groovy
uname -a
Linux ubuntu-13 5.10.0-051000-generic #202012132330 SMP Sun Dec 13 23:33:36 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
sudo lspci -vk | grep -A 15 VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 9bc5 (rev 05) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8694
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 255
Memory at 6000000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at 4000000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
I/O ports at 4000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at 000c0000 [virtual] [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [40] Vendor Specific Information: Len=0c <?>
Capabilities: [70] Express Root Complex Integrated Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [ac] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit-
Capabilities: [d0] Power Management version 2
Capabilities: [100] Process Address Space ID (PASID)
Capabilities: [200] Address Translation Service (ATS)
Capabilities: [300] Page Request Interface (PRI)
Kernel modules: i915
sudo lsmod | grep i9
i915 2326528 0
drm_kms_helper 233472 1 i915
cec 53248 2 drm_kms_helper,i915
drm 548864 2 drm_kms_helper,i915
i2c_algo_bit 16384 1 i915
video 49152 2 asus_wmi,i915
glxinfo | grep Mesa
client glx vendor string: Mesa Project and SGI
Vendor: Mesa/X.org (0xffffffff)
OpenGL vendor string: Mesa/X.org
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.1.0-devel (git-b4d1764 2021-03-05 groovy-oibaf-ppa)
OpenGL version string: 3.1 Mesa 21.1.0-devel (git-b4d1764 2021-03-05 groovy-oibaf-ppa)
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.2 Mesa 21.1.0-devel (git-b4d1764 2021-03-05 groovy-oibaf-ppa)
xrandr——显示：1
xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Screen 0: minimum 1024 x 768, current 1024 x 768, maximum 1024 x 768
default connected primary 1024x768+0+0 0mm x 0mm
1024x768 76.00*
lspci-nn
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:9b33] (rev 05)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:9bc5] (rev 05)
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43ed] (rev 11)
00:14.2 RAM memory [0500]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43ef] (rev 11)
00:15.0 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43e8] (rev 11)
00:15.1 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43e9] (rev 11)
00:15.2 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43ea] (rev 11)
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43e0] (rev 11)
00:17.0 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43d2] (rev 11)
00:1b.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43c0] (rev 11)
00:1b.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43c2] (rev 11)
00:1b.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43c3] (rev 11)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43b8] (rev 11)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43b0] (rev 11)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:4385] (rev 11)
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:f0c8] (rev 11)
00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43a3] (rev 11)
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:43a4] (rev 11)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation Intel(R) Ethernet Controller I225-V [8086:15f3] (rev 03)
03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6 AX200 [8086:2723] (rev 1a)
因希
CPU: 10-Core Intel Core i9-10850K (-MT MCP-) speed/min/max: 800/800/5200 MHz Kernel: 5.10.0-051000-generic x86_64 Up: 41m
Mem: 819.0/15817.1 MiB (5.2%) Storage: 931.51 GiB (2.4% used) Procs: 367 Shell: Bash inxi: 3.1.07
inxi-G——显示
Graphics:
Device-1: Intel driver: N/A
Display: x11 server: X.org 1.20.9 driver: fbdev unloaded: modesetting,vesa
Message: No advanced graphics data found on this system.
sudo dmesg | grep i915
[ 17.744662] snd_hda_codec_hdmi hdaudioC0D2: No i915 binding for Intel HDMI/DP codec
猫/ proc /命令
BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-051000-generic root=UUID=2d091cb5-9a6c-4533-bbe4-9619f25a9740 ro quiet splash i915.alpha_support=1 vt.handoff=7
如果有人仍在关注此事，以下似乎是启动失败时 /var/log/syslog 的相关部分：
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518570] i915: unknown parameter 'alpha_support' ignored
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518928] ------------[ cut here ]------------
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518928] i915 0000:00:02.0: drm_WARN_ON(!IS_PLATFORM(dev_priv, INTEL_TIGERLAKE) && !IS_PLATFORM(dev_priv, INTEL_ROCKETLAKE))
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518961] WARNING: CPU: 16 PID: 509 at drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pch.c:123 intel_pch_type+0x8a0/0x960 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518962] Modules linked in: i915(+) soundwire_bus drm_kms_helper iwlmvm(+) cec mac80211 rc_core libarc4 snd_soc_core i2c_algo_bit snd_usb_audio(+) fb_sys_fops snd_usbmidi_lib snd_hwdep mc syscopyarea snd_compress sysfillrect input_leds ac97_bus sysimgblt snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq btusb mei_hdcp snd_seq_device snd_timer btrtl btbcm btintel bluetooth iwlwifi snd ecdh_generic ecc soundcore asus_nb_wmi eeepc_wmi asus_wmi sparse_keymap mac_hid cfg80211 mei_me mei ee1004 rapl intel_cstate wmi_bmof acpi_pad acpi_tad intel_wmi_thunderbolt efi_pstore sch_fq_codel parport_pc ppdev lp drm parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid crc32_pclmul intel_lpss_pci i2c_i801 igc ahci intel_lpss i2c_smbus idma64 xhci_pci libahci virt_dma xhci_pci_renesas wmi video pinctrl_tigerlake
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518985] CPU: 16 PID: 509 Comm: systemd-udevd Not tainted 5.10.0-051000-generic #202012132330
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.518986] Hardware name: ASUS System Product Name/ROG STRIX Z590-A GAMING WIFI, BIOS 0232 01/06/2021
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519008] RIP: 0010:intel_pch_type+0x8a0/0x960 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519010] Code: 4c 8b 67 50 4d 85 e4 75 03 4c 8b 27 e8 19 cf 09 d4 48 c7 c1 78 be a9 c0 4c 89 e2 48 c7 c7 7a 45 ac c0 48 89 c6 e8 37 fa 49 d4 <0f> 0b e9 17 f9 ff ff 48 8b 7b 18 4c 8b 67 50 4d 85 e4 75 03 4c 8b
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519010] RSP: 0018:ffffa35d812c7a20 EFLAGS: 00010282
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519011] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8c9a87660000 RCX: ffff8c9dcc418a48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519012] RDX: 00000000ffffffd8 RSI: 0000000000000027 RDI: ffff8c9dcc418a40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519012] RBP: ffffa35d812c7a30 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffa35d812c7800
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519013] R10: ffffa35d812c77f8 R11: ffffffff95f52ca8 R12: ffff8c9a81cf6e60
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519013] R13: ffff8c9a87660000 R14: 0000000000004380 R15: 0000000000000042
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519014] FS: 00007feae898c8c0(0000) GS:ffff8c9dcc400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519015] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519015] CR2: 00007f75d87b0850 CR3: 000000010923c001 CR4: 00000000007706e0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519016] PKRU: 55555554
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519016] Call Trace:
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519039] intel_detect_pch+0x65/0x1a0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519060] i915_driver_early_probe+0x1a5/0x250 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519081] i915_driver_probe+0xaa/0x300 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519083] ? mutex_lock+0x13/0x40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519086] ? acpi_dev_found+0x66/0x70
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519106] i915_pci_probe+0x58/0x140 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519109] local_pci_probe+0x48/0x80
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519110] pci_call_probe+0x53/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519111] pci_device_probe+0xad/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519112] really_probe+0x221/0x490
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519113] driver_probe_device+0xe9/0x160
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519114] device_driver_attach+0xab/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519115] __driver_attach+0x8f/0x150
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519116] ? device_driver_attach+0xb0/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519117] bus_for_each_dev+0x7e/0xc0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519118] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519119] bus_add_driver+0x135/0x1f0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519120] driver_register+0x91/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519121] __pci_register_driver+0x54/0x60
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519143] i915_init+0x61/0x75 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519144] ? 0xffffffffc0b42000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519146] do_one_initcall+0x48/0x1d0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519148] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xf6/0x200
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519149] ? do_init_module+0x28/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519151] do_init_module+0x62/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519152] load_module+0x68d/0x710
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519153] __do_sys_finit_module+0xc2/0x120
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519155] __x64_sys_finit_module+0x1a/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519156] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519157] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519158] RIP: 0033:0x7feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519159] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d bb f7 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519159] RSP: 002b:00007ffe8c551c18 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519160] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055d172c142a0 RCX: 00007feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519161] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000055d172a51660 RDI: 0000000000000016
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519161] RBP: 0000000000020000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519162] R10: 0000000000000016 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000055d172a51660
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519162] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000055d1729e1fc0 R15: 000055d172c142a0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519163] ---[ end trace d9260bb2ec79d9de ]---
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519600] checking generic (4000000000 300000) vs hw (6000000000 1000000)
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519601] checking generic (4000000000 300000) vs hw (4000000000 10000000)
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519601] fb0: switching to inteldrmfb from EFI VGA
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519647] Console: switching to colour dummy device 80x25
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.519667] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521027] i915 0000:00:02.0: vgaarb: changed VGA decodes: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=io+mem:owns=io+mem
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521561] mei_hdcp 0000:00:16.0-b638ab7e-94e2-4ea2-a552-d1c54b627f04: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_hdcp_component_ops [i915])
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521889] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] *ERROR* crtc 51: Can't calculate constants, dotclock = 0!
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521894] ------------[ cut here ]------------
更多的：
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521894] i915 0000:00:02.0: drm_WARN_ON_ONCE(drm_drv_uses_atomic_modeset(dev))
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521920] WARNING: CPU: 16 PID: 509 at drivers/gpu/drm/drm_vblank.c:722 drm_crtc_vblank_helper_get_vblank_timestamp_internal+0x333/0x340 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521920] Modules linked in: i915(+) soundwire_bus drm_kms_helper iwlmvm(+) cec mac80211 rc_core libarc4 snd_soc_core i2c_algo_bit snd_usb_audio(+) fb_sys_fops snd_usbmidi_lib snd_hwdep mc syscopyarea snd_compress sysfillrect input_leds ac97_bus sysimgblt snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq btusb mei_hdcp snd_seq_device snd_timer btrtl btbcm btintel bluetooth iwlwifi snd ecdh_generic ecc soundcore asus_nb_wmi eeepc_wmi asus_wmi sparse_keymap mac_hid cfg80211 mei_me mei ee1004 rapl intel_cstate wmi_bmof acpi_pad acpi_tad intel_wmi_thunderbolt efi_pstore sch_fq_codel parport_pc ppdev lp drm parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid crc32_pclmul intel_lpss_pci i2c_i801 igc ahci intel_lpss i2c_smbus idma64 xhci_pci libahci virt_dma xhci_pci_renesas wmi video pinctrl_tigerlake
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521944] CPU: 16 PID: 509 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G W 5.10.0-051000-generic #202012132330
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521944] Hardware name: ASUS System Product Name/ROG STRIX Z590-A GAMING WIFI, BIOS 0232 01/06/2021
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521952] RIP: 0010:drm_crtc_vblank_helper_get_vblank_timestamp_internal+0x333/0x340 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521953] Code: 4c 8b 6f 50 4d 85 ed 75 03 4c 8b 2f e8 d6 0a 6c d4 48 c7 c1 c8 e2 31 c0 4c 89 ea 48 c7 c7 e8 9c 31 c0 48 89 c6 e8 f4 35 ac d4 <0f> 0b e9 d5 fe ff ff e8 b1 f3 b1 d4 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 48 8b 87
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521954] RSP: 0018:ffffa35d812c7870 EFLAGS: 00010082
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521954] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8c9a87660000 RCX: ffff8c9dcc418a48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521955] RDX: 00000000ffffffd8 RSI: 0000000000000027 RDI: ffff8c9dcc418a40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521955] RBP: ffffa35d812c78e8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffa35d812c7650
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521956] R10: ffffa35d812c7648 R11: ffffffff95f52ca8 R12: 0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521956] R13: ffff8c9a81cf6e60 R14: ffffffffc090ba60 R15: ffff8c9a8660eca8
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521957] FS: 00007feae898c8c0(0000) GS:ffff8c9dcc400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521958] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521958] CR2: 00007f75d87b0850 CR3: 000000010923c001 CR4: 00000000007706e0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521959] PKRU: 55555554
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521959] Call Trace:
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521982] intel_crtc_get_vblank_timestamp+0x18/0x20 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521990] drm_get_last_vbltimestamp+0xad/0xc0 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.521997] drm_reset_vblank_timestamp+0x63/0xd0 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522004] drm_crtc_vblank_on+0x85/0x140 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522034] intel_modeset_setup_hw_state+0x1af/0x5b0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522042] ? drm_modeset_lock_all_ctx+0x137/0x300 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522049] ? drm_warn_on_modeset_not_all_locked.part.0+0x5e/0x90 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522078] intel_modeset_init_nogem+0x24e/0x490 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522100] ? intel_irq_postinstall+0x24f/0x290 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522122] i915_driver_probe+0x11e/0x300 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522123] ? mutex_lock+0x13/0x40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522124] ? acpi_dev_found+0x66/0x70
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522146] i915_pci_probe+0x58/0x140 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522148] local_pci_probe+0x48/0x80
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522149] pci_call_probe+0x53/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522150] pci_device_probe+0xad/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522151] really_probe+0x221/0x490
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522152] driver_probe_device+0xe9/0x160
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522153] device_driver_attach+0xab/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522154] __driver_attach+0x8f/0x150
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522155] ? device_driver_attach+0xb0/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522157] bus_for_each_dev+0x7e/0xc0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522157] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522158] bus_add_driver+0x135/0x1f0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522159] driver_register+0x91/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522160] __pci_register_driver+0x54/0x60
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522182] i915_init+0x61/0x75 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522183] ? 0xffffffffc0b42000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522184] do_one_initcall+0x48/0x1d0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522185] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xf6/0x200
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522187] ? do_init_module+0x28/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522188] do_init_module+0x62/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522189] load_module+0x68d/0x710
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522190] __do_sys_finit_module+0xc2/0x120
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522192] __x64_sys_finit_module+0x1a/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522193] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522194] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522194] RIP: 0033:0x7feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522195] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d bb f7 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522196] RSP: 002b:00007ffe8c551c18 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522197] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055d172c142a0 RCX: 00007feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522197] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000055d172a51660 RDI: 0000000000000016
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522198] RBP: 0000000000020000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522198] R10: 0000000000000016 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000055d172a51660
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522199] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000055d1729e1fc0 R15: 000055d172c142a0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.522200] ---[ end trace d9260bb2ec79d9df ]---
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523071] ------------[ cut here ]------------
还有更多：
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523072] i915 0000:00:02.0: drm_WARN_ON(!pll->info->funcs->get_hw_state(dev_priv, pll, &pipe_config->dpll_hw_state))
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523107] WARNING: CPU: 16 PID: 509 at drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_display.c:11161 hsw_get_ddi_port_state+0x237/0x260 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523108] Modules linked in: i915(+) soundwire_bus drm_kms_helper iwlmvm(+) cec mac80211 rc_core libarc4 snd_soc_core i2c_algo_bit snd_usb_audio(+) fb_sys_fops snd_usbmidi_lib snd_hwdep mc syscopyarea snd_compress sysfillrect input_leds ac97_bus sysimgblt snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pcm snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq btusb mei_hdcp snd_seq_device snd_timer btrtl btbcm btintel bluetooth iwlwifi snd ecdh_generic ecc soundcore asus_nb_wmi eeepc_wmi asus_wmi sparse_keymap mac_hid cfg80211 mei_me mei ee1004 rapl intel_cstate wmi_bmof acpi_pad acpi_tad intel_wmi_thunderbolt efi_pstore sch_fq_codel parport_pc ppdev lp drm parport ip_tables x_tables autofs4 hid_generic usbhid hid crc32_pclmul intel_lpss_pci i2c_i801 igc ahci intel_lpss i2c_smbus idma64 xhci_pci libahci virt_dma xhci_pci_renesas wmi video pinctrl_tigerlake
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523131] CPU: 16 PID: 509 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G W 5.10.0-051000-generic #202012132330
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523131] Hardware name: ASUS System Product Name/ROG STRIX Z590-A GAMING WIFI, BIOS 0232 01/06/2021
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523161] RIP: 0010:hsw_get_ddi_port_state+0x237/0x260 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523162] Code: 8b 7b 18 4c 8b 7f 50 4d 85 ff 74 38 e8 42 ea fe d3 48 c7 c1 90 71 aa c0 4c 89 fa 48 c7 c7 66 95 ac c0 48 89 c6 e8 60 15 3f d4 <0f> 0b e9 94 fe ff ff 4c 89 e2 44 89 ee 48 89 df e8 f4 77 fe ff e9
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523162] RSP: 0018:ffffa35d812c7740 EFLAGS: 00010286
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523163] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8c9a87660000 RCX: ffff8c9dcc418a48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523164] RDX: 00000000ffffffd8 RSI: 0000000000000027 RDI: ffff8c9dcc418a40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523164] RBP: ffffa35d812c7768 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffa35d812c7520
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523165] R10: ffffa35d812c7518 R11: ffffffff95f52ca8 R12: ffff8c9a86bed000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523165] R13: 0000000000000003 R14: ffff8c9a80e9a000 R15: ffff8c9a81cf6e60
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523166] FS: 00007feae898c8c0(0000) GS:ffff8c9dcc400000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523166] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523167] CR2: 00007f75d87b0850 CR3: 000000010923c001 CR4: 00000000007706e0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523167] PKRU: 55555554
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523168] Call Trace:
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523197] hsw_get_pipe_config+0xfe/0x500 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523220] ? intel_runtime_pm_put_unchecked+0x33/0x40 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523249] ? intel_display_power_put_unchecked+0x42/0x50 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523277] ? skl_ddi_pll_get_hw_state+0xb9/0x110 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523305] ? verify_single_dpll_state+0xa3/0x350 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523332] ? verify_wm_state+0x38/0x2f0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523360] verify_crtc_state+0x107/0x3c0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523387] ? intel_post_plane_update+0xcd/0x1d0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523414] intel_atomic_commit_tail+0x3e1/0x610 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523441] intel_atomic_commit+0x344/0x3c0 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523449] drm_atomic_commit+0x4a/0x50 [drm]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523476] intel_initial_commit+0xf5/0x190 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523503] intel_modeset_init+0x22/0x80 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523525] i915_driver_probe+0x140/0x300 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523526] ? mutex_lock+0x13/0x40
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523527] ? acpi_dev_found+0x66/0x70
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523549] i915_pci_probe+0x58/0x140 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523550] local_pci_probe+0x48/0x80
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523551] pci_call_probe+0x53/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523552] pci_device_probe+0xad/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523553] really_probe+0x221/0x490
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523554] driver_probe_device+0xe9/0x160
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523555] device_driver_attach+0xab/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523556] __driver_attach+0x8f/0x150
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523557] ? device_driver_attach+0xb0/0xb0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523558] bus_for_each_dev+0x7e/0xc0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523559] driver_attach+0x1e/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523560] bus_add_driver+0x135/0x1f0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523561] driver_register+0x91/0xf0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523561] __pci_register_driver+0x54/0x60
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523583] i915_init+0x61/0x75 [i915]
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523584] ? 0xffffffffc0b42000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523585] do_one_initcall+0x48/0x1d0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523586] ? kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0xf6/0x200
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523587] ? do_init_module+0x28/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523588] do_init_module+0x62/0x270
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523589] load_module+0x68d/0x710
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523591] __do_sys_finit_module+0xc2/0x120
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523592] __x64_sys_finit_module+0x1a/0x20
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523593] do_syscall_64+0x38/0x90
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523594] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523595] RIP: 0033:0x7feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523596] Code: 00 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 8b 0d bb f7 0c 00 f7 d8 64 89 01 48
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523596] RSP: 002b:00007ffe8c551c18 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000139
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523597] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055d172c142a0 RCX: 00007feae8e4267d
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523598] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 000055d172a51660 RDI: 0000000000000016
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523598] RBP: 0000000000020000 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523599] R10: 0000000000000016 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 000055d172a51660
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523599] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 000055d1729e1fc0 R15: 000055d172c142a0
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523600] ---[ end trace d9260bb2ec79d9e0 ]---
Mar 20 15:36:33 ubuntu-13 kernel: [ 15.523605] ------------[ cut here ]------------
还有更多，但这个问题没有足够的空间。在评论中提问，我可以提供。
答案1
我（或来自 ubuntu 的人）解决了这个问题。（请注意，我在 debian 上）
我已经安装了 linux-image-5.10.0-1019-oem （编辑：这个内核在 USB 音频方面有问题，最好安装一个更新的内核，例如https://packages.ubuntu.com/focal/kernel/linux-image-5.10.0-1023-oem) 使控制台工作并解决了黑屏错误。它包含针对此问题的补丁。
为了使 xorg 正常工作，我还必须将 xserver-xorg-video-intel libdrm-intel1 intel-media-va-driver i965-va-driver 和 intel-media-va-driver 以及整个 xserver 更新到 debian 测试。
另外，对于正在使用的英特尔驱动程序，我必须创建一个 xorg.conf.d 配置文件来强制执行它。如果您安装了较新的版本，则可能不需要这样做。
vainfo 现在没有报告错误，我的浏览器（vivaldi）抱怨 i965 不支持该卡，但无论如何都能正常工作。
作为参考，以下是我的版本：
root@cswork:~# dpkg --list | grep intel
ii intel-media-va-driver:amd64 21.1.1+dfsg1-1 amd64 VAAPI driver for the Intel GEN8+ Graphics family
ii intel-microcode 3.20210216.1~deb10u1 amd64 Processor microcode firmware for Intel CPUs
ii libdrm-intel1:amd64 2.4.104-1 amd64 Userspace interface to intel-specific kernel DRM services -- runtime
ii libintellij-annotations-java 17.0.0-1 all transitional package for libjetbrains-annotations-java
ii xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.99.917+git20200714-1+b1 amd64 X.Org X server -- Intel i8xx, i9xx display driver
root@cswork:~# dpkg --list | grep va-dri
ii i965-va-driver:amd64 2.4.1+dfsg1-1 amd64 VAAPI driver for Intel G45 & HD Graphics family
ii intel-media-va-driver:amd64 21.1.1+dfsg1-1 amd64 VAAPI driver for the Intel GEN8+ Graphics family
ii mesa-va-drivers:amd64 18.3.6-2+deb10u1 amd64 Mesa VA-API video acceleration drivers
ii va-driver-all:amd64 2.4.0-1 amd64 Video Acceleration (VA) API -- driver metapackage
答案2
我注意到，使用此内核（也许还有其他内核，因为我没有测试过），尽管在我的 BIOS 中设置为 5.3，我的 CPU 也只能加速到 4.7ghz（i9 11900k）。原来内核调节器设置为省电，这会将其限制为 4.7。如果我使用 cpupower 切换到性能调节器，我可以得到完整的 5.3，但它从来不会低于 5.0 空闲。此外，我还使用 iperf 进行了测试，在已知良好的服务器和已知良好的电缆上，2.5G 网卡都无法全速运行。我可以使用我的 10700k 和 z490 主板以及基于华硕 realtek 的 2.5G 网卡对该服务器进行 iperf 并获得全速。我无法让另一个内核工作。安装这个内核后，似乎无法启动到主线内核。我确实想尝试 5.12，但到目前为止没有成功。
编辑：没有启动到主线内核是我的用户错误。为了应急，我安装了独立 GPU。当我启动时，启动的文本部分出现在我的板载显卡上，然后一旦进入 GUI 登录，提要就会切换到连接到独立 GPU 的显示器。如果我尝试在两个显示器都连接到板载的情况下启动，启动文本后只会出现闪烁的光标。无论如何，我可以确认主线内核 5.12 和 5.11 不能解决 igpu 问题、CPU 调速器问题或板载 2.5gb NIC 问题。所以我想说，至少对于视频解决方案，现在坚持使用 OEM 内核。如果您想要 CPU 速度，您可以使用 cpupower 将调速器更改为“性能”来解决它。我会在找到解决方案后继续更新此回复。
更新：为我的华硕 Rog Strix Z590 主板安装更新的 BIOS 版本 0707 解决了 CPU 加速问题。我的显示器仍然卡在 OEM 内核上。我今天早上试了 5.12.1，仍然没有成功。