每次我安装 Ubuntu 操作系统版本时，它都会正确识别 Windows 8 分区，但在启动时（它是旧版 BIOS），从 GRUB 菜单中选择 Windows 8 后，屏幕变暗，并且不会加载 Windows 8 引导加载程序（它永远不会加载 Windows 8）。Boot-Repair 无法修复该问题。如果我使用bootrec /fixmbr（通过 Windows 8 恢复 USB），Windows 8 会再次启动，但 GRUB 消失了，所以我必须通过 Boot-Repair USB 启动 PC，这可以修复我的 Ubuntu 版本，但 Windows 8 再次无法正常工作。如此反复，陷入无限循环。
在旧版 BIOS 笔记本电脑（无 UEFI、无安全启动）上，我在第一个主分区（sda1）中安装了 Windows 8.1。该分区有启动标志。我已禁用 Windows 8 的快速启动。Windows 更新设置为手动；它不会重新启用快速启动。
在一些逻辑分区上，我安装了一些 Ubuntu 版本（MATE、Kubuntu、Xubuntu。我尝试了原始 Ubuntu 16.04 和 20.10。
GRUB 安装在 SDA 的 MBR 中（它也已被 Boot Repair 清除并重新安装）。
我曾尝试通过 Boot-Repair USB 和 MATE 中安装的程序修复 GRUB。
我尝试修复了好几次；我总是点击详细信息来查看 Boot-Repair 将应用哪些默认修复；一旦出现“在每个分区安装 GRUB”，我就不再使用它了，因为我不想损坏我的单独数据分区。在所有其他修复中，Boot-Repair 都不会自动选择此选项。
我附上了一些 Boot-Repair 生成的报告。忽略 sda10 错误，因为这是一个未格式化且没有操作系统的分区。
这是第一份启动信息报告：
启动信息
boot-repair-4ppa125 [20210307_0300]
============================= Boot Repair Summary ==============================
Error code 12
mount -r /dev/sda10 /mnt/boot-sav/sda10
mount -r /dev/sda10 : Error code 12
Error code 12
mount -r /dev/sda10 /mnt/boot-sav/sda10
mount -r /dev/sda10 : Error code 12
Error code 12
mount -r /dev/sda10 /mnt/boot-sav/sda10
mount -r /dev/sda10 : Error code 12
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
ping: google.com: Temporary failure in name resolution
Recommended repair: ____________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility will reinstall the grub2 of
sda5 into the MBR of sda,
using the following options: set-windows-as-default
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda5/etc/default/grub
========================= Reinstall the grub2 of sda5 ==========================
grub-install --version
grub-install (GRUB) 2.02-2ubuntu8.21
==> Reinstall the GRUB of sda5 into the MBR of sda
grub-install /dev/sda
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-66-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-66-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic
Found Windows 8 on /dev/sda1
Found Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) on /dev/sda12
Set menuentry 'Windows 8 (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os 'osprober-chain-0AA6F5F7A6F5E35D' { as default entry
update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-66-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-66-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic
Found Windows 8 on /dev/sda1
Found Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) on /dev/sda12
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
NTFS signature is missing.
Failed to mount '/dev/sda10': Invalid argument
The device '/dev/sda10' doesn't seem to have a valid NTFS.
Maybe the wrong device is used? Or the whole disk instead of a
partition (e.g. /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1)? Or the other way around?
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda12/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Boot successfully repaired.
You can now reboot your computer.
============================ Boot Info After Repair ============================
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector 1 of
the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks
for (,msdos5)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_msdos biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 10
Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: Extended Partition
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda5: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
sda6: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda7: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda8: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda8 starts
at sector 2048.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda9: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda9 starts
at sector 2048.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda10: _________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
sda11: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sda12: _________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
================================ 3 OS detected =================================
OS#1: The OS now in use - Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS CurrentSession on sda5
OS#2: Windows 8 on sda1
OS#3: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS on sda12
============================ Architecture/Host Info ============================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
BOOT_IMAGE of the installed session in use:
/boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-66-generic root=UUID=2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb ro quiet splash
===================================== UEFI =====================================
This installed-session is not in EFI-mode.
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : notGPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
sda5 : is-os, 32, apt-get, grub-pc , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
sda1 : is-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sda2 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sda6 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda7 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda8 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda9 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda11 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda12 : is-os, 64, apt-get, grub-pc , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
sda10 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
sda5 : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda1 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, bootmgr, is-winboot
sda2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda6 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda7 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda8 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda9 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda11 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda12 : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda10 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
sda5 : not-sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sda1 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda2 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda6 : maybesepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda7 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda8 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda9 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda11 : not-sepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda12 : not-sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sda
sda10 : maybesepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x10a94cd5
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sda1 * 2048 91803647 91801600 43.8G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda2 91803648 176549887 84746240 40.4G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda3 176549950 1730498559 1553948610 741G f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
sda5 176549952 238813247 62263296 29.7G 83 Linux
sda6 238815296 301078591 62263296 29.7G 83 Linux
sda7 381351936 767170559 385818624 184G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda8 767172608 1154803711 387631104 184.9G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda9 1154805760 1730291711 575485952 274.4G 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda10 1730293760 1730498559 204800 100M 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
sda11 373164032 381349887 8185856 3.9G b W95 FAT32
sda12 301080576 337934335 36853760 17.6G 83 Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order.
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:msdos:ATA ST1000LM048-2E71:;
1:1049kB:47.0GB:47.0GB:ntfs::boot;
2:47.0GB:90.4GB:43.4GB:ntfs::;
3:90.4GB:886GB:796GB:::lba;
5:90.4GB:122GB:31.9GB:ext4::;
6:122GB:154GB:31.9GB:ext4::;
12:154GB:173GB:18.9GB:ext4::;
11:191GB:195GB:4191MB:fat32::;
7:195GB:393GB:198GB:ntfs::;
8:393GB:591GB:198GB:ntfs::;
9:591GB:886GB:295GB:ntfs::;
10:886GB:886GB:105MB:::;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 ntfs 0xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 10a94cd5-01
├─sda2 ntfs 4xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 10a94cd5-02
├─sda3 10a94cd5-03
├─sda5 ext4 2xxxxxxx 10a94cd5-05
├─sda6 ext4 5xxxxxxx 10a94cd5-06
├─sda7 ntfs 5xxxxxxx 10a94cd5-07
├─sda8 ntfs Fxxxxxxx 10a94cd5-08 d
├─sda9 ntfs Fxxxxxxx 10a94cd5-09 u
├─sda10 10a94cd5-0a
├─sda11 vfat Exxxxxxx 10a94cd5-0b O
└─sda12 ext4 axxxxxxx 10a94cd5-0c
df (filtered): _________________________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
sda11 3G 24% /mnt/boot-sav/sda11
sda12 10.7G 33% /mnt/boot-sav/sda12
sda1 31.5G 28% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
sda2 40.3G 0% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
sda5 17.9G 33% /
sda6 27.8G 0% /mnt/boot-sav/sda6
sda7 36.1G 80% /media/laptop/temp
sda8 107.2G 42% /mnt/boot-sav/sda8
sda9 274.3G 0% /mnt/boot-sav/sda9
Mount options: __________________________________________________________________
sda11 rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
sda12 rw,relatime
sda1 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
sda2 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
sda5 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro
sda6 rw,relatime
sda7 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,default_permissions,allow_other,blksize=4096
sda8 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
sda9 rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
====================== sda5/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Windows 8 (on sda1) 0AA6F5F7A6F5E35D
Ubuntu 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-66-generic 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Windows 8 (on sda1) 0AA6F5F7A6F5E35D
Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (18.04) (on sda12) adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5
Ubuntu (on sda12) adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5
Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic (on sda12) adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sda5/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
/dev/disk/by-id/usb-ffff_5678_18080706005120-0:0 /mnt/usb-ffff_5678_18080706005120-0:0 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,noauto,x-gvfs-show 0 0
======================= sda5/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT="menuentry 'Windows 8 (on /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os 'osprober-chain-0AA6F5F7A6F5E35D' {"
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE="visible"
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=""
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
export GRUB_COLOR_NORMAL="light-gray/black"
export GRUB_COLOR_HIGHLIGHT="magenta/black"
GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY="true"
==================== sda5: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
98.701229095 = 105.979637760 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
110.512825012 = 118.662242304 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
87.591823578 = 94.051004416 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-42-generic 2
95.404354095 = 102.439645184 boot/vmlinuz-5.4.0-66-generic 1
95.404354095 = 102.439645184 vmlinuz 1
87.591823578 = 94.051004416 vmlinuz.old 2
94.864063263 = 101.859512320 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-42-generic 3
97.917369843 = 105.137975296 boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-66-generic 3
97.917369843 = 105.137975296 initrd.img 3
94.864063263 = 101.859512320 initrd.img.old 3
===================== sda5: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12808 ian 7 15:45 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11298 ian 7 15:45 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12059 ian 7 15:45 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 ian 7 15:45 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 ian 7 15:45 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 ian 7 15:45 41_custom
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 mar 7 00:34 backup
===================== sda12/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Ubuntu adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5
Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-29-generic adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5
Windows 8 (on sda1) 0AA6F5F7A6F5E35D
Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS (18.04) (on sda5) 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Ubuntu (on sda5) 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-66-generic (on sda5) 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.4.0-42-generic (on sda5) 2e369f8f-d83e-436b-b6dc-2717c63bfddb
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sda12/etc/fstab (filtered) ==========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda12 during installation
UUID=adeb74d4-5eef-48dd-a8eb-72bdc11859a5 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
====================== sda12/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
=================== sda12: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
143.566417694 = 154.153267200 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
150.016685486 = 161.079189504 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
150.014934540 = 161.077309440 boot/vmlinuz-4.15.0-29-generic 1
150.014934540 = 161.077309440 vmlinuz 1
158.491592407 = 170.179051520 boot/initrd.img-4.15.0-29-generic 2
158.491592407 = 170.179051520 initrd.img 2
158.491592407 = 170.179051520 initrd.img.old 2
===================== sda12: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) =====================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12693 iul 17 2018 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 11298 iul 17 2018 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12059 iul 17 2018 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 iul 17 2018 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 iul 17 2018 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216 iul 17 2018 41_custom
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =========================
Unknown BootLoader on sda7
Unknown BootLoader on sda10
我还安装了 Grub Customizer，尝试将 Windows 8 移至启动顺序中的第一位，但没有什么效果。如果它有帮助（因为 Ubuntu 粘贴将过期），以下是 Windows 8 的 GRUB 菜单项：
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
set root='hd0,msdos1'
if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 xxxxxxxxxx
else
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root xxxxxxxxxx
fi
parttool ${root} hidden-
drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
chainloader +1
答案1
在@oldfred 的帮助下评论，我尝试了来自该 archlinux 页面的自定义脚本（在 ntldr 关键字后的页面中查找）。
我仍然使用 Grub Customizer 来编辑菜单项。
Windows 8 的默认脚本（在该页面中）将在列表末尾创建一个具有相同名称的新菜单项（当我选择 Windows 条目时，当我在启动时“实时”处于 GRUB 中时！）！如果我再次选择相同的 Windows 条目，它将在末尾创建另一个相同的菜单项，依此类推...如果我随后在末尾选择新创建的菜单项，它将启动 Windows。
然而，我想让它表现正常，所以我稍微调整了一下，然后问题解决了，不再需要两步菜单启动！
这是可以正常工作的 GRUB Customizer 菜单项（在我的帖子中描述的参数中，即 BIOS 和 Windows 8.1 的多重启动；对于其他设置，则需要进行其他调整）：
if [ "${grub_platform}" == "pc" ]; then
insmod part_msdos
insmod ntfs
insmod ntldr
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 xxxxxxxx
ntldr /bootmgr
fi
其中 xxxxxxxx 是 Windows 分区 UUID，可以使用命令找到
lsblk --fs