从外部硬盘启动导致 GRUB 黑屏(无提示)

从外部硬盘启动导致 GRUB 黑屏(无提示)

无论这样做是否可取,从通过 SATA 转 USB 适配器电缆连接的外部硬盘驱动器启动时:

个人简介

这会导致黑屏简单地GRUB左上角有。显然系统已冻结。

如何确定外部驱动器:

$ 
$ lsblk
NAME                  MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb                     8:16   0 335.4G  0 disk 
├─sdb2                  8:18   0   4.9M  0 part 
├─sdb3                  8:19   0   300K  0 part 
└─sdb1                  8:17   0   2.8G  0 part /media/nicholas/Ubuntu 20.10 amd64
sr0                    11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
sda                     8:0    0   149G  0 disk 
├─sda2                  8:2    0     1K  0 part 
├─sda5                  8:5    0 148.5G  0 part 
│ ├─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 253:1    0     8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ └─ubuntu--vg-root   253:0    0 140.5G  0 lvm  /
└─sda1                  8:1    0   487M  0 part /boot
$ 
$ 
$ ls /media/nicholas/Ubuntu\ 20.10\ amd64/
boot  boot.catalog  casper  dists  EFI  install  md5sum.txt  pics  pool  preseed  README.diskdefines  ubuntu
$ 
$ ls /media/nicholas/Ubuntu\ 20.10\ amd64/README.diskdefines 
/media/nicholas/Ubuntu 20.10 amd64/README.diskdefines
$ 
$ 
$ 
$ nl /media/nicholas/Ubuntu\ 20.10\ amd64/README.diskdefines 
     1  #define DISKNAME  Ubuntu 20.10 "Groovy Gorilla" - Release amd64
     2  #define TYPE  binary
     3  #define TYPEbinary  1
     4  #define ARCH  amd64
     5  #define ARCHamd64  1
     6  #define DISKNUM  1
     7  #define DISKNUM1  1
     8  #define TOTALNUM  0
     9  #define TOTALNUM0  1
$ 
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 149 GiB, 160000000000 bytes, 312500000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4e19221b

Device     Boot   Start       End   Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048    999423    997376   487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       1001470 312498175 311496706 148.5G  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       1001472 312498175 311496704 148.5G 8e Linux LVM




Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 140.5 GiB, 150894280704 bytes, 294715392 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


GPT PMBR size mismatch (5746099 != 703282605) will be corrected by w(rite).
Disk /dev/sdb: 335.4 GiB, 360080694272 bytes, 703282606 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7EE1FFAC-4072-46B8-885E-A7EA3F9C70CF

Device       Start     End Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sdb1       64 5735483 5735420  2.8G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb2  5735484 5745435    9952  4.9M EFI System
/dev/sdb3  5745436 5746035     600  300K Microsoft basic data
$ 
$ dmidecode -t 2
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.5 present.

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 10 bytes
Base Board Information
    Manufacturer: Gateway
    Product Name: G33M05G1
    Version: MP
    Serial Number: ULYM82502591
    Asset Tag:  
    Features:
        Board is a hosting board

$ 

可以啟動嗎?

这可能是因为这是一个SATA驱动器用过的是否出现引导问题,或者其他硬件类型的问题或配置问题?

也可以看看:

从外部硬盘上的 ext4 分区启动吗?


结果sudo parted --list是:

Model: ATA MB2000GCWLT (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 2000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  538MB   537MB   primary   fat32        boot
 2      539MB   2000GB  2000GB  extended
 5      539MB   2000GB  2000GB  logical                lvm


Error: The backup GPT table is corrupt, but the primary appears OK, so that will
be used.
OK/Cancel? ok
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sdb appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra
697536506 blocks) or continue with the current setting? 
Fix/Ignore? i                                                             
Model:  Mass Storage Device (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 360GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name       Flags
 1      32.8kB  2937MB  2937MB               ISO9660    hidden, msftdata
 2      2937MB  2942MB  5095kB               Appended2  boot, esp
 3      2942MB  2942MB  307kB                Gap1       hidden, msftdata


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1: 1023MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system     Flags
 1      0.00B  1023MB  1023MB  linux-swap(v1)


Model: Linux device-mapper (linear) (dm)
Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root: 1999GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: loop
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End     Size    File system  Flags
 1      0.00B  1999GB  1999GB  ext4

答案1

使用sudo parted --list并寻找boot-flag。

例如:

user@machine:~$ sudo parted --list
Model: SD USD00 (sd/mmc)
Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 15.8GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  269MB   268MB   primary  fat32        boot, lba
 2      269MB   15.8GB  15.5GB  primary  ext4

答案2

此外部 SATA 硬盘通过 USB 适配器电缆连接,可以从另一台电脑上正常启动。

用 dd 写入的操作系统是从 Ubuntu 下载的桌面 ISO。

对 GPT 消息有点好奇,但除此之外似乎有用。

这不是一个完整的解决方案,因为出于某种原因,该驱动器似乎无法启动另一台电脑。

从外部硬盘启动时:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0                 7:0    0     2G  1 loop /rofs
loop1                 7:1    0  55.3M  1 loop /snap/core18/1885
loop2                 7:2    0 217.9M  1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60
loop3                 7:3    0  50.7M  1 loop /snap/snap-store/481
loop4                 7:4    0  62.1M  1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506
loop5                 7:5    0  30.9M  1 loop /snap/snapd/9721
sda                   8:0    0   1.8T  0 disk 
├─sda1                8:1    0   512M  0 part 
├─sda2                8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5                8:5    0   1.8T  0 part 
  ├─vgubuntu-root   253:0    0   1.8T  0 lvm  
  └─vgubuntu-swap_1 253:1    0   976M  0 lvm  
sdb                   8:16   0 335.4G  0 disk 
├─sdb1                8:17   0   2.7G  0 part /cdrom
├─sdb2                8:18   0   4.9M  0 part 
├─sdb3                8:19   0   300K  0 part 
└─sdb4                8:20   0 332.6G  0 part /var/crash
sr0                  11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 1.98 GiB, 2125537280 bytes, 4151440 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop1: 55.32 MiB, 58007552 bytes, 113296 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop2: 217.89 MiB, 228478976 bytes, 446248 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop3: 50.67 MiB, 53133312 bytes, 103776 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop4: 62.09 MiB, 65105920 bytes, 127160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop5: 30.94 MiB, 32440320 bytes, 63360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sda: 1.82 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Disk model: MB2000GCWLT     
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4312a4c3

Device     Boot   Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048    1050623    1048576  512M  b W95 FAT32
/dev/sda2       1052670 3907028991 3905976322  1.8T  5 Extended
/dev/sda5       1052672 3907028991 3905976320  1.8T 8e Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-root: 1.82 TiB, 1998833319936 bytes, 3903971328 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/vgubuntu-swap_1: 976 MiB, 1023410176 bytes, 1998848 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 335.35 GiB, 360080694272 bytes, 703282606 sectors
Disk model: Storage Device  
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7EE1FFAC-4072-46B8-885E-A7EA3F9C70CF

Device       Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/sdb1       64   5735483   5735420   2.7G Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb2  5735484   5745435      9952   4.9M EFI System
/dev/sdb3  5745436   5746035       600   300K Microsoft basic data
/dev/sdb4  5746688 703282542 697535855 332.6G Linux filesystem
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,size=8083828k,nr_inodes=2020957,mode=755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=1626960k,mode=755)
/dev/sdb1 on /cdrom type iso9660 (ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048)
/dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime)
/cow on / type overlay (rw,relatime,lowerdir=/filesystem.squashfs,upperdir=/cow/upper,workdir=/cow/work)
/dev/sdb4 on /var/log type ext4 (rw,relatime)
/dev/sdb4 on /var/crash type ext4 (rw,relatime)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
tmpfs on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,size=5120k)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,size=4096k,nr_inodes=1024,mode=755)
cgroup2 on /sys/fs/cgroup/unified type cgroup2 (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,nsdelegate)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
none on /sys/fs/bpf type bpf (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,mode=700)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/rdma type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,rdma)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_cls,net_prio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpu,cpuacct)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=28,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=18984)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,pagesize=2M)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tracefs on /sys/kernel/tracing type tracefs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/core18_1885.snap on /snap/core18/1885 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gnome-3-34-1804_60.snap on /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snap-store_481.snap on /snap/snap-store/481 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/snapd_9721.snap on /snap/snapd/9721 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
/var/lib/snapd/snaps/gtk-common-themes_1506.snap on /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506 type squashfs (ro,nodev,relatime,x-gdu.hide)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/999 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=1626956k,nr_inodes=406739,mode=700,uid=999,gid=999)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/999/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=999,group_id=999)
portal on /run/user/999/doc type fuse.portal (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=999,group_id=999)
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ 

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