在过去一年左右的时间里，我一直在尝试学习在 Ubuntu 上编写 bash 脚本（一个 20.04 LTS 机器和一个 21.04 机器）。我觉得我的技能进步很大，但我对自己编写的一个特定备份脚本束手无策。
长话短说，如果备份脚本只是尝试备份我的 /home 目录，它会从头到尾顺利运行，但如果它尝试备份我的 / 目录，它会一直运行直到 rsync 过程完成（包括创建日志文件），然后脚本似乎就停止了，尽管我有一些后续的管理代码来提醒我。我甚至添加了一个退出陷阱，但它没有被触发。
我不知道我缺少什么，但如果有人能帮助我，我渴望尝试学习。
我不知道这是否有帮助，但这是我的脚本的一个稍微简化的版本：
#!/bin/bash
#
# backup
# unified back up, home and/or root folders to raid on Betty
# runs daily from sudo crontab (time varies by device); day of month determines which backup is performed
#
# related files
# generates backup.log in home folder of main user, archives existing backup.log to logs folder as yyyy-mm-dd-backup.log
# requires two files in $homefold: home-backup.exclude and boot-backup.exclude, to provide backup exclusions for rsync
#
# exit trap
function badquit {
if [[ "$1" = "test" ]] ; then
exit 0
elif [[ "$goodflag" = "0" ]] ; then
echo "$(date +%r) : $shname exited with goodflag=0" > $logfold/$shname.quit
fi
}
trap badquit EXIT
#
# variables
host="$(hostname)"
hostlc="${host,,}"
shname="$(basename $0)"
hostuser="$(getent passwd "1000" | cut -d: -f1)"
homefold="/home/$hostuser"
logfold="$homefold/logs"
log="$homefold/$shname.log"
date="$(date +%Y-%m-%d)"
dom="$(date +%d)" # day of month at runtime determines which backup is performed (daily home, weekly home, quarterly boot)
soonwarn="7" # days in advance to create .soon report
case $host in # $bumount location varies by device: Betty mounts it differently than all others
Betty)
bumount="/mnt/raid"
;;
*)
bumount="/media/betty-raid"
;;
esac
bufold="$bumount/$hostlc"
goodflag="0" # default status of goodflag to trigger unexpected exit message
#
# pre-check
# confirm existence of $bufold, attempt to mount if not found, set fail message if unsuccessful
if [[ ! -e $bufold ]] ; then
mount 192.168.x.x:/mnt/raid $bumount
sleep 5
if [[ ! -e $bufold ]] ; then
echo "$(date +%r) : $shname exited because $bufold could not be mounted" > $logfold/$shname.quit
goodflag="1"
exit 1
fi
fi
#
# log management
if [[ -e $log ]] ; then
mv $log $logfold/"$(date -r $log +"%Y-%m-%d")"-$shname.log
fi
#
# primary tasks
# set targdom per old boot backup schedule (to allow time for .soon)
case $host in
Betty)
targdom="8"
;;
Veronica)
targdom="12"
;;
*)
echo "$(date +%r) : $shname cannot identify $host" > $logfold/$shname.quit
goodflag="1"
exit 1
;;
esac
# determine which backup to run, set final variables
if [[ "$dom" = "$targdom" ]] ; then # targdom triggers non-daily backups
if [[ $(date +%m) -eq "01" ]] || [[ $(date +%m) -eq "04" ]] || [[ $(date +%m) -eq "07" ]] || [[ $(date +%m) -eq "10" ]] ; then # quarterly boot backup Jan,Apr,Jul,Oct
ropts="-avuHkbi --delete --exclude-from=$homefold/boot-backup.exclude --backup-dir=$bufold/Backup.$date --log-file=$log"
rsource="/"
else # monthly home backup
ropts="-axvuHkbi --delete --exclude-from=$homefold/home-backup.exclude --backup-dir=$bufold/Backup.$date --log-file=$log"
rsource="/home"
fi
else # not targdom, daily home backup
ropts="-axvuHkbi --exclude-from=$homefold/home-backup.exclude --backup-dir=$bufold/Backup.$date --log-file=$log" #daily home backup
rsource="/home"
fi
# if this is a test, set variables appropriately
if [[ "$1" = "test" ]] ; then
ropts="-navuHkbi --exclude-from=$homefold/boot-backup.exclude --backup-dir=$bufold/Backup.$date --log-file=$log" # dry-run ON
rsource="/"
fi
# run the backup, finally
rsync $ropts --backup-dir=$bufold/Backup.$date --log-file=$log $rsource $bufold
#
# set exitcond
if [[ "$?" = "0" ]] ; then
# successful, log saved
exitcond="successfully, log saved"
else
# unsuccessful, exit cond
exitcond="unsuccessfully, exit code $?"
fi
#
echo "$(date +%r) : $shname completed $exitcond" >> $logfold/$shname.done
goodflag="1"