我曾经ffmpeg在系统上安装过，但不知何故——我不知道是怎么或何时——它被卸载了。因此，我尝试ffmpeg通过 Synaptic 安装。但当我将其标记为安装时，它会出现红色感叹号，表示包已损坏。
当我研究这个问题时，我还发现，在过去的几天里，我的系统显示我有三个软件包“被保留”，尽管系统显示它们已准备好更新，但它们从未更新过。这三个软件包是：
libavcodec58
libavutil56
libswresample3
sudo apt list –upgradable给出结果：
libavcodec58/bionic 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 amd64 [upgradable from: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04]
libavutil56/bionic 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 amd64 [upgradable from: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04]
libswresample3/bionic 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 amd64 [upgradable from: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04]
sudo apt upgrade给出结果：
The following packages have been kept back:
libavutil56 libswresample3
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
我曾想过只卸载这三个软件包，然后尝试重新安装它们，但是.....我没有这样做，通过 Synaptic 卸载其中任何一个软件包都会出现一条消息，提示一长串软件包也将被卸载 - 基本上，我拥有的每个多媒体应用程序，例如 Audacity、VLC 等。
我已经阅读了本网站和其他网站上大量针对其他人问题的答案，但不幸的是，它们都让我更加困惑，不知道哪里出了问题，该怎么做。所以，我来这里寻求帮助。
为什么我无法升级这三个软件包？我该如何解决这个问题？
如何ffmpeg从 Synaptic 安装而不会收到损坏包错误消息？
输出sudo apt-get --reinstall install libavcodec58 libavutil56 libswresample3：
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
libavcodec58 : Depends: libx264-155 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
输出apt-cache policy libavcodec58 libavutil56 libswresample3：
libavcodec58:
Installed: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04
Candidate: 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0
Version table:
7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/apps/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
*** 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libavutil56:
Installed: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04
Candidate: 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0
Version table:
7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/apps/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
*** 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libswresample3:
Installed: 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04
Candidate: 7:4.3-2~18.04.york0
Version table:
7:4.3-2~18.04.york0 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/apps/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
*** 7:4.1.3-0ppa1~18.04 500
500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport/ubuntu bionic/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
sudo apt upgrade 的输出：
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
libavutil56 libswresample3
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
sudo apt update 的输出：
Ign:1 http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge InRelease
Ign:2 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:3 https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial InRelease
Hit:4 https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Hit:6 http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge Release
Hit:7 https://brave-browser-apt-release.s3.brave.com bionic InRelease
Hit:8 https://headsetapp.co/headset-electron/debian stable InRelease
Hit:9 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/stevenpusser/xUbuntu_18.04 InRelease
Hit:10 http://download.onlyoffice.com/repo/debian squeeze InRelease
Hit:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:12 https://www.collaboraoffice.com/repos/CollaboraOnline/CODE-ubuntu1804 ./ InRelease
Hit:13 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/network:/messaging:/xmpp:/dino/xUbuntu_18.04 InRelease
Hit:14 http://repository.spotify.com stable InRelease
Hit:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:16 https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic InRelease
Hit:17 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu bionic Release
Hit:19 http://ppa.launchpad.net/morphis/anbox-support/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:20 https://download.mono-project.com/repo/ubuntu stable-bionic InRelease
Hit:21 https://repo.skype.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit:23 http://ppa.launchpad.net/agornostal/ulauncher/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:24 https://ocean.surfshark.com/debian stretch InRelease
Ign:25 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable InRelease
Hit:27 http://repo.vivaldi.com/stable/deb stable Release
Hit:28 http://ppa.launchpad.net/alexlarsson/flatpak/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:29 http://ppa.launchpad.net/andreasbutti/xournalpp-master/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:30 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:31 http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb stable InRelease
Hit:32 http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org bionic InRelease
Hit:33 http://ppa.launchpad.net/atareao/atareao/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:34 https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/ms-teams stable InRelease
Hit:35 http://ppa.launchpad.net/atareao/telegram/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:36 https://mega.nz/linux/MEGAsync/xUbuntu_18.04 ./ InRelease [2,473 B]
Hit:37 https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb stable InRelease
Hit:38 http://ppa.launchpad.net/audio-recorder/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:39 https://linux.teamviewer.com/deb preview InRelease
Hit:40 http://shop.softmaker.com/repo/apt wheezy InRelease
Hit:41 http://ppa.launchpad.net/bit-team/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:42 http://ppa.launchpad.net/cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:43 https://wire-app.wire.com/linux/debian stable InRelease
Hit:44 http://ppa.launchpad.net/cybolic/vineyard-testing/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:45 http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:46 https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian stable InRelease [17.1 kB]
Hit:48 http://ppa.launchpad.net/diesch/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:49 http://ppa.launchpad.net/gerardpuig/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:18 https://packagecloud.io/firstlookmedia/code/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:50 http://ppa.launchpad.net/i2p-maintainers/i2p/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:51 http://ppa.launchpad.net/maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:52 http://ppa.launchpad.net/mikhailnov/pulseeffects/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:54 http://ppa.launchpad.net/nextcloud-devs/client/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:22 https://packages.riot.im/debian bionic InRelease
Hit:55 http://ppa.launchpad.net/nilarimogard/webupd8/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:56 http://ppa.launchpad.net/noobslab/apps/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:57 http://ppa.launchpad.net/openshot.developers/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:58 http://ppa.launchpad.net/peek-developers/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:59 http://ppa.launchpad.net/phoerious/keepassxc/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:60 http://ppa.launchpad.net/photoflare/photoflare-stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:61 http://ppa.launchpad.net/psi-plus/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:62 http://ppa.launchpad.net/rvm/smplayer/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:63 http://ppa.launchpad.net/sandromani/gimagereader/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:64 http://ppa.launchpad.net/stebbins/handbrake-releases/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Get:65 http://ppa.launchpad.net/system76-dev/stable/ubuntu bionic InRelease [15.4 kB]
Hit:66 http://ppa.launchpad.net/teejee2008/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:67 http://ppa.launchpad.net/thomas.tsai/ubuntu-tuxboot/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:68 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/apps/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:69 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/cantata-qt/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:70 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntuhandbook1/corebird/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:71 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ufleisch/kid3/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:72 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/y-ppa-manager/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:73 http://ppa.launchpad.net/yg-jensge/shotwell/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:74 http://ppa.launchpad.net/yktooo/ppa/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Fetched 35.0 kB in 13s (2,664 B/s)
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
3 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
答案1
你必须通过以下方式清除有问题的 PPA：
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/apps
sudo ppa-purge ppa:cybermax-dexter/sdl2-backport
然后安装所有可能的更新以及最新的依赖项
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
最后安装ffmpeg来自官方存储库经过
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg=3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2
答案2
只需输入常用命令即可安装 ffmpeg，它是一个用于转码多媒体文件的工具。
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install ffmpeg
如果您遇到安装损坏的问题，请键入常用命令来修复 Linux 系统上的安装损坏的问题。
sudo apt --fix-broken install
第二种方法来自您的 Ubuntu 系统上的 SNAP。
sudo snap install ffmpeg
第三种方法是通过官方途径，也就是 ffmpeg对于想要在 Linux 系统上安装 ffmpeg 的每个人来说，都有完整的安装手册。