我将非常感激任何帮助我解决问题的人。现在，如果我能访问 sda3 上的数据并重新安装操作系统，我会很高兴。
我的 Ubuntu 在以下情况下无法正确启动：
- fsck 在 GUI 中运行
- fsck 很快就完成了，我尝试关闭电源
- 异常长的时间，我去睡觉了
- 早上可能电源线断了
- Ubuntu 无法启动，挂在“加载初始 ramdisk...”
我的 sda3 是 LUKS 加密分区。
然后：
- 恢复模式 - 相同的 ramdisk 消息
- liveusb - 多次尝试使用 fsck、smartools、boot-repair
- 启动修复正在运行，但没有效果
- sda3 已解密，现在是 LVM2
- 第四次启动修复后，“默认修复”按钮消失了，并且再也没有出现
- 无法挂载 /dev/sda3：未知文件系统类型“LVM2_member”
- 可以挂载/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
- 无法在任何地方 chroot：无法运行命令 /bin/bash：没有此文件或目录
- 尝试修复 grub：grub-install 无法获取 /cow 的规范路径
- 多次 fsck 尝试：Ubuntu 现在直接启动到 initramfs
- 从 initramfs 级别进行 fsck：处理 15 分钟，无效果
启动修复日志：
boot-repair-4ppa130 [20210911_1022]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
============================== Boot Info Summary ===============================
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda and looks at sector
33264 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location
and looks for (,gpt1)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
fshelp fat part_gpt biosdisk
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg /boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System:
Boot files: /grub/grub.cfg
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: LVM2_member
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sdb: ___________________________________________________________________________
File system: iso9660
Boot sector type: Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed: mount: /mnt/BootInfo/FD/sdb: /dev/sdb already mounted or mount point busy.
================================ 0 OS detected =================================
============================ Architecture/Host Info ============================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Live-session OS is Ubuntu 64-bit (Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS, focal, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS is EFI-compatible, and is setup in EFI-mode for this live-session.
SecureBoot disabled.
efibootmgr -v
BootCurrent: 0003
Timeout: 0 seconds
BootOrder: 2001,0000,2003,2002
Boot0000* Ubuntu HD(1,GPT,d1b862c2-264d-4559-a451-f8aa6fe12037,0x800,0x100000)/File(\EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi)RC
Boot0001* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (C4-54-44-2A-D1-2F) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x3)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(c454442ad12f,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.00.0.0.0,0,0)RC
Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (C4-54-44-2A-D1-2F) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x3)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(c454442ad12f,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
Boot0003* EFI USB Device (General USB Flash Disk) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x14,0x0)/USB(3,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x2cf4ba3a,0x506fcc,0x1f40)RC
Boot2001* EFI USB Device RC
Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
Boot2003* EFI Network RC
This session has been detected as 'live' because df -Th / contains overlay
2895d47544fd587b26c7e29be1295c27 sda1/BOOT/fbx64.efi
621356d82b109cd860ad92cdf241c58b sda1/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
dc3c47be2f78a78e5e57d097ae6c5c84 sda1/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
sda1/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
78415fb8fb9b909f8029858113f1335f sda1/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, no-os, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sda1 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sda2 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, grubenv-ng, noupdategrub, not-far
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda1 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root : maybesepboot, no-boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda1 : not-sepboot, no-kernel, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
sda2 : is-sepboot, no-kernel, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, std-grub.d, sda
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 111.81 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Disk identifier: 381A06AF-20CB-4240-A707-42486C122C06
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
sda2 1050624 2549759 1499136 732M Linux filesystem
sda3 2549760 234440703 231890944 110.6G Linux filesystem
Disk sdb: 3.75 GiB, 4008706048 bytes, 7829504 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x2cf4ba3a
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdb1 * 0 5999871 5999872 2.9G 0 Empty
sdb2 5271500 5279499 8000 3.9M ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32)
sdb3 6000640 7829503 1828864 893M 83 Linux
Disk mapper/ubuntu--vg-root: 102.64 GiB, 110188560384 bytes, 215212032 sectors
Disk mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1: 7.94 GiB, 8506048512 bytes, 16613376 sectors
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:120GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ATA Samsung SSD 840:;
1:1049kB:538MB:537MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
2:538MB:1305MB:768MB:ext4::;
3:1305MB:120GB:119GB:::;
sdb:4009MB:scsi:512:512:unknown:General USB Flash Disk:;
mapper/ubuntu--vg-swap_1:8506MB:dm:512:512:unknown:Linux device-mapper (linear):;
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root:110GB:dm:512:512:loop:Linux device-mapper (linear):;
1:0.00B:110GB:110GB:ext4::;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 vfat CBCE-71F8 d1b862c2-264d-4559-a451-f8aa6fe12037 EFI System Partition
├─sda2 ext4 ac591b5f-e430-4eff-be6b-805ce4e2f616 476d9ed9-fee6-4c4f-8692-2c486a2d298b
└─sda3 LVM2_member xTmgzp-d21r-lpyI-1ySR-yyBI-d35I-B1JrG6 64273ae2-276f-4c57-b919-634773689620
├─ubuntu--vg-root ext4 b68550fc-2f5f-470e-9eb6-41cbcbde0cfb
└─ubuntu--vg-swap_1
sdb iso9660 2021-08-19-11-03-38-00 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS amd64
├─sdb1 iso9660 2021-08-19-11-03-38-00 2cf4ba3a-01 Ubuntu 20.04.3 LTS amd64
├─sdb2 vfat 54C5-9C6C 2cf4ba3a-02
└─sdb3 ext4 44f79909-d06b-427a-9b75-46fac9ec2764 2cf4ba3a-03 writable
df (filtered): _________________________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
disk/by-label/writable[/install-logs-2021-09-11.4/crash] 725.6M 9% /var/crash
disk/by-label/writable[/install-logs-2021-09-11.4/log] 725.6M 9% /var/log
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root 95G 0% /mnt/boot-sav/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root
sda1 499.6M 2% /mnt/boot-sav/sda1
sda2 496.8M 22% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
sdb1 0 100% /cdrom
Mount options: __________________________________________________________________
disk/by-label/writable[/install-logs-2021-09-11.4/crash] rw,relatime
disk/by-label/writable[/install-logs-2021-09-11.4/log] rw,relatime
mapper/ubuntu--vg-root rw,relatime
sda1 rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
sda2 rw,relatime
sdb1 ro,noatime,nojoliet,check=s,map=n,blocksize=2048
============================== ls -R /dev/mapper/ ==============================
/dev/mapper:
control
ubuntu--vg-root
ubuntu--vg-swap_1
===================== sda1/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
search.fs_uuid ac591b5f-e430-4eff-be6b-805ce4e2f616 root hd0,gpt2
set prefix=($root)'/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
==================== sda1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
======================== sda2/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) =========================
Ubuntu b68550fc-2f5f-470e-9eb6-41cbcbde0cfb
Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-154-generic b68550fc-2f5f-470e-9eb6-41cbcbde0cfb
Ubuntu, with Linux 4.15.0-153-generic b68550fc-2f5f-470e-9eb6-41cbcbde0cfb
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
System setup uefi-firmware
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
==================== sda2: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
0.729499817 = 0.783294464 grub/grub.cfg 3
0.641658783 = 0.688975872 vmlinuz-4.15.0-153-generic 1
0.688533783 = 0.739307520 vmlinuz-4.15.0-154-generic 2
0.836910248 = 0.898625536 initrd.img-4.15.0-153-generic 9
0.903171539 = 0.969773056 initrd.img-4.15.0-154-generic 50
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =========================
Unknown BootLoader on sdb
00000000 45 52 08 00 00 00 90 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ER..............|
00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
00000020 33 ed fa 8e d5 bc 00 7c fb fc 66 31 db 66 31 c9 |3......|..f1.f1.|
00000030 66 53 66 51 06 57 8e dd 8e c5 52 be 00 7c bf 00 |fSfQ.W....R..|..|
00000040 06 b9 00 01 f3 a5 ea 4b 06 00 00 52 b4 41 bb aa |.......K...R.A..|
00000050 55 31 c9 30 f6 f9 cd 13 72 16 81 fb 55 aa 75 10 |U1.0....r...U.u.|
00000060 83 e1 01 74 0b 66 c7 06 f3 06 b4 42 eb 15 eb 02 |...t.f.....B....|
00000070 31 c9 5a 51 b4 08 cd 13 5b 0f b6 c6 40 50 83 e1 |1.ZQ....[...@P..|
00000080 3f 51 f7 e1 53 52 50 bb 00 7c b9 04 00 66 a1 b0 |?Q..SRP..|...f..|
00000090 07 e8 44 00 0f 82 80 00 66 40 80 c7 02 e2 f2 66 |[email protected]|
000000a0 81 3e 40 7c fb c0 78 70 75 09 fa bc ec 7b ea 44 |.>@|..xpu....{.D|
000000b0 7c 00 00 e8 83 00 69 73 6f 6c 69 6e 75 78 2e 62 ||.....isolinux.b|
000000c0 69 6e 20 6d 69 73 73 69 6e 67 20 6f 72 20 63 6f |in missing or co|
000000d0 72 72 75 70 74 2e 0d 0a 66 60 66 31 d2 66 03 06 |rrupt...f`f1.f..|
000000e0 f8 7b 66 13 16 fc 7b 66 52 66 50 06 53 6a 01 6a |.{f...{fRfP.Sj.j|
000000f0 10 89 e6 66 f7 36 e8 7b c0 e4 06 88 e1 88 c5 92 |...f.6.{........|
00000100 f6 36 ee 7b 88 c6 08 e1 41 b8 01 02 8a 16 f2 7b |.6.{....A......{|
00000110 cd 13 8d 64 10 66 61 c3 e8 1e 00 4f 70 65 72 61 |...d.fa....Opera|
00000120 74 69 6e 67 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 6c 6f 61 64 |ting system load|
00000130 20 65 72 72 6f 72 2e 0d 0a 5e ac b4 0e 8a 3e 62 | error...^....>b|
00000140 04 b3 07 cd 10 3c 0a 75 f1 cd 18 f4 eb fd 00 00 |.....<.u........|
00000150 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|
*
000001b0 94 5a 4f 00 00 00 00 00 3a ba f4 2c 00 00 80 00 |.ZO.....:..,....|
000001c0 01 00 00 b7 e0 fa 00 00 00 00 00 8d 5b 00 00 fe |............[...|
000001d0 ff ff ef fe ff ff cc 6f 50 00 40 1f 00 00 00 85 |.......oP.@.....|
000001e0 51 75 83 5c 75 e7 00 90 5b 00 00 e8 1b 00 00 00 |Qu.\u...[.......|
000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.|
00000200
=============================== StdErr Messages ================================
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[74824]) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 7122: /bin/bash
File descriptor 63 (pipe:[74824]) leaked on lvchange invocation. Parent PID 17388: /bin/bash
/usr/share/boot-sav/b-i-s-functions.sh: line 1653: 215212032S: value too great for base (error token is "215212032S")
================================= User choice ==================================
Is there RAID on this computer? no
================================ LVM activation ================================
modprobe dm-mod
vgscan --mknodes
Found volume group "ubuntu-vg" using metadata type lvm2
vgchange -ay
2 logical volume(s) in volume group "ubuntu-vg" now active
lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/ubuntu-vg/root' [102.62 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1' [7.92 GiB] inherit
blkid -g
Suggested repair: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would not act on the boot.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
正如我提到的 - 任何允许我备份数据的方法就足够了。