两个具有相同 Ubuntu 20.04 的磁盘的 UUID 冲突

Question

克隆磁盘时，一切被克隆，包括磁盘和分区 UUID。当两个磁盘同时连接到系统时，这就会成为一个问题。

您需要更改原始磁盘或克隆磁盘上的 UUID。但是，如果您更改原始磁盘上的 UUID，则还必须编辑 /etc/fstab。如果您更改克隆磁盘上的 UUID，则无需编辑 /etc/fstab（除非克隆磁盘最终安装到系统中，代替原始磁盘，然后需要使用新 UUID 或 /dev/sdaX 设备名称更新 /etc/fstab）。

笔记：没有必要通过对 /etc/fstab 进行额外编辑来同时挂载原始磁盘和克隆磁盘。克隆磁盘通常用于创建备份，或从较小的原始磁盘转移到较大的克隆磁盘，然后在系统中进行交换。

笔记：克隆磁盘启动问题通常可以通过使用来修复boot-repair。

进行 UUID 更改需要两个命令。请参阅以下手册页...

man uuidgen
man tune2fs

用户名

例子：uuidgen -r或者uuidgen -t

   -r, --random
          Generate a random-based UUID.  This method creates a  UUID  con‐
          sisting  mostly  of random bits.  It requires that the operating
          system have a high quality  random  number  generator,  such  as
          /dev/random.

   -t, --time
          Generate a time-based UUID.  This method creates a UUID based on
          the system clock plus the system's ethernet hardware address, if
          present.

tune2fs

例子：sudo tune2fs -U new_UUID /dev/sdbX

   -U UUID
          Set the universally unique identifier (UUID) of  the  filesystem
          to UUID.  The format of the UUID is a series of hex digits sepa‐
          rated          by          hyphens,          like          this:
          "c1b9d5a2-f162-11cf-9ece-0020afc76f16".   The UUID parameter may
          also be one of the following:

               clear  clear the filesystem UUID

               random generate a new randomly-generated UUID

               time   generate a new time-based UUID

          The UUID may be used by  mount(8),  fsck(8),  and  /etc/fstab(5)
          (and possibly others) by specifying UUID=uuid instead of a block
          special device name like /dev/hda1.

          See uuidgen(8) for more information.  If  the  system  does  not
          have  a  good  random  number  generator  such as /dev/random or
          /dev/urandom, tune2fs will automatically use a  time-based  UUID
          instead of a randomly-generated UUID.

更新＃1：

修正了 NVME 上 20.04 版 ubuntu 的 fstab

笔记：fstab 中不应有 TABS，只有空格

#/etc/fstab: static file system information.
#Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
#device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
#That works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#<file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
#/ was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during installation
UUID=5d01e76f-5114-4416-b810-5de33dafa914 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0
UUID=4860-509F  /boot/efi       vfat    defaults      0       1

Answer 1