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依赖问题

tag-icon • tag-icon apt dependencies
依赖问题

每次我尝试时都会收到一些错误apt-get install，它告诉我无法这样做，因为某些包“不会被安装”。

我既无法安装这些软件包，也无法卸载它们，也无法卸载任何软件包。

当我这样做时，apt --fix-broken install我收到错误“E：子进程 /usr/bin/dpkg 返回错误代码 (1)”

所讨论的包是 ROS Noetic 包，因此熟悉 ROS 安装会很有帮助。

$ sudo apt-get upgrade

[sudo] password for roth: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 python3-rosdep-modules : Depends: python3-rospkg-modules (>= 1.3.0) but it is not installed
                          Depends: python3-catkin-pkg-modules (>= 0.4.0) but it is not installed
                          Depends: python3-rosdistro-modules (>= 0.7.5) but it is not installed
 ros-noetic-rospack : Depends: python3-catkin-pkg-modules but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

$ sudo apt --fix-broken install：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  python3-catkin-pkg-modules python3-rosdistro-modules python3-rospkg-modules
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  python3-catkin-pkg-modules python3-rosdistro-modules python3-rospkg-modules
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 101 not upgraded.
30 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/98.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 650 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 247423 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-catkin-pkg-modules_0.4.24-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-catkin-pkg-modules (0.4.24-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-module
s_0.4.24-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/catkin_pkg/__init__.py', wh
ich is also in package python3-catkin-pkg 0.4.24-1
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rospkg-modules (1.3.0-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.
3.0-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rospkg/__init__.py', which 
is also in package python3-rospkg 1.2.3-1
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rosdistro-modules (0.8.3-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules
_0.8.3-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rosdistro/__init__.py', whi
ch is also in package python3-rosdistro 0.8.0-1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-modules_0.4.24-1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

答案1

这是您需要查看的错误部分：

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-module
s_0.4.24-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/catkin_pkg/__init__.py', wh
ich is also in package python3-catkin-pkg 0.4.24-1
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rospkg-modules (1.3.0-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.
3.0-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rospkg/__init__.py', which 
is also in package python3-rospkg 1.2.3-1
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rosdistro-modules (0.8.3-1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules
_0.8.3-1_all.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite '/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/rosdistro/__init__.py', whi
ch is also in package python3-rosdistro 0.8.0-1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-modules_0.4.24-1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb
 /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb

错误消息清楚地表明它正在尝试覆盖一些文件，因为有一个包已经创建了这些文件。简而言之，该包本应将其文件之一放在 中/usr/lib/python3/，但它惊讶地发现这些文件已经在那里了。它不知道下一步该怎么做，所以它开始抛出错误消息。

如果你仔细看，你会看到这些包被放在 中 /var/cache/apt/archives/。这是apt的缓存目录，它会下载文件并等待 来dpkg安装它们（处理它们）。由于它们存储在apt的缓存中，你会看到每次使用 时apt，dpkg都会开始处理这些文件（包）。

如何解决这个问题？

您可以使用三种不同类型的命令来解决此问题：

  1. 用于dpkg -P清除软件包并安全地修复所有内容（几乎......）。

    意思-P是dpkg将--purge删除所有内容，包括设置和配置文件。

    对于您来说，您需要强制覆盖：

    dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-modules_0.4.24-1_all.deb
dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb
dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb

    然后运行：

    sudo apt -f install

  2. 使用dpkg -i --force-overwrite <file>使其更安全。

    对于您来说，您需要强制覆盖：

    dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-catkin-pkg-modules_0.4.24-1_all.deb
dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rospkg-modules_1.3.0-1_all.deb
dpkg -i --force-overwrite /var/cache/apt/archives/python3-rosdistro-modules_0.8.3-1_all.deb

    然后运行：

    sudo apt -f install

  3. 用于rm删除这些包文件（有点危险）。

    您可以.deb通过运行以下命令删除所有这些包文件：

    sudo rm -r /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb

    然后运行：

    sudo apt -f install
笔记：
  • 仅使用其中一种方法。
  • 推荐第 1 和第 2 个。

当心！

  • 如果文件不同，覆盖可能会造成严重问题。冲突的软件包之一将无法正常运行。

  • 当没有已安装的软件包依赖于某些依赖项时，未手动安装的依赖项将被删除。

  • 一般来说，如果出现任何问题，则运行：

    sudo apt install python3-all

    可以工作（至少在 Ubuntu 21.10 上）

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