我的 2009 Apple iMac 在 Ubuntu 21.04 上运行得很好，但在升级到 21.10（通过软件更新）后，它经常冻结，尤其是在使用互联网浏览器时。
处理器：2.66 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo。专用于 Linux，未分区。
以下是输出sudo lshw：
description: All In One
product: iMac9,1 (System SKU#)
vendor: Apple Inc.
version: 1.0
serial: YM922AYB0TF
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.4 dmi-2.4 smp vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=all-in-one family=Mac sku=System SKU# uuid=142D0E89-CDCA-D145-AE66-BC80E8BFEB0F
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: Mac-F2218EA9
vendor: Apple Inc.
physical id: 0
serial: Base Board Serial#
slot: Part Component
*-cpu:0
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E8135 @ 2.66GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 0
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E8135 @ 2.66GHz
slot: U2E1
size: 1700MHz
capacity: 2660MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 266MHz
capabilities: fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 xsave lahf_lm pti tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority vpid dtherm cpufreq
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: 2
slot: Unknown
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back data
configuration: level=1
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 1
slot: Unknown
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back instruction
configuration: level=1
*-cpu:1
description: CPU
vendor: Intel(R) Corporation
physical id: 3
bus info: cpu@1
version: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU E8135 @ 2.66GHz
slot: U2E1
size: 2236MHz
capacity: 2660MHz
clock: 266MHz
capabilities: cpufreq
*-cache
description: L1 cache
physical id: 5
slot: Unknown
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back data
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L1 cache
physical id: 4
slot: Unknown
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back instruction
configuration: level=1
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 6
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 4GiB
*-bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1067 MHz (0.9 ns)
product: IMSH2GS13A1F1C-10F
vendor: 0x8551
physical id: 0
serial: 0x2A000B26
slot: DIMM0
size: 2GiB
clock: 1067MHz (0.9ns)
*-bank:1
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1067 MHz (0.9 ns)
product: IMSH2GS13A1F1C-10F
vendor: 0x8551
physical id: 1
serial: 0x2A00F026
slot: DIMM0
size: 2GiB
clock: 1067MHz (0.9ns)
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: Apple Inc.
physical id: e
version: IM91.88Z.008D.B08.0904271717
date: 04/27/09
size: 1MiB
capacity: 4MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect acpi ieee1394boot smartbattery netboot
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: MCP79 Host Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
*-memory:0 UNCLAIMED
description: RAM memory
product: MCP79 Memory Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.1
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
capabilities: bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: MCP79 LPC Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0
version: b2
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
resources: ioport:2000(size=256)
*-memory:1 UNCLAIMED
description: RAM memory
product: MCP79 Memory Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.1
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
configuration: latency=0
*-serial
description: SMBus
product: MCP79 SMBus
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.2
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm cap_list
configuration: driver=nForce2_smbus latency=0
resources: irq:0 ioport:2180(size=64) ioport:2140(size=64) ioport:2100(size=64)
*-memory:2 UNCLAIMED
description: RAM memory
product: MCP79 Memory Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.3
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
configuration: latency=0
*-memory:3 UNCLAIMED
description: RAM memory
product: MCP79 Memory Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.4
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz (15.2ns)
configuration: latency=0
*-processor UNCLAIMED
description: Co-processor
product: MCP79 Co-processor
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 3.5
bus info: pci@0000:00:03.5
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: bus_master
configuration: latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: memory:d3500000-d357ffff
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 4
bus info: pci@0000:00:04.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: irq:20 memory:d3588000-d3588fff
*-usbhost
product: OHCI PCI host controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-27-generic ohci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@3
logical name: usb3
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=7 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:0
description: USB hub
product: Hub in Apple Extended USB Keyboard
vendor: Mitsumi Electric
physical id: 3
bus info: usb@3:3
version: 1.22
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub maxpower=50mA slots=3 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:0
description: Keyboard
product: Apple Extended USB Keyboard
vendor: Mitsumi Electric
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@3:3.1
version: 1.22
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=50mA speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:1
description: Mouse
product: Apple Optical USB Mouse
vendor: Mitsumi Electric
physical id: 3
bus info: usb@3:3.3
version: 1.10
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=2Mbit/s
*-usb:1
description: Human interface device
product: IR Receiver
vendor: Apple Computer, Inc.
physical id: 5
bus info: usb@3:5
version: 0.16
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=2Mbit/s
*-usb:1
description: USB controller
product: MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 4.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:04.1
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: debug pm ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: irq:17 memory:d3589200-d35892ff
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-27-generic ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1
logical name: usb1
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=7 speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Video
product: Built-in iSight
vendor: Apple Inc.
physical id: 4
bus info: usb@1:4
version: 2.19
serial: 8T95B56232CW3L00
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=uvcvideo maxpower=500mA speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb:2
description: USB controller
product: MCP79 OHCI USB 1.1 Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 6
bus info: pci@0000:00:06.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm ohci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ohci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: irq:22 memory:d3587000-d3587fff
*-usbhost
product: OHCI PCI host controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-27-generic ohci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4
logical name: usb4
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=5 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb
description: USB hub
product: BRCM2046 Hub
vendor: Apple Inc.
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4:1
version: 1.00
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=3 speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Bluetooth wireless interface
product: Bluetooth USB Host Controller
vendor: Apple Inc.
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4:1.1
version: 2.08
serial: 0025BC61CFEC
capabilities: usb-2.00 bluetooth
configuration: driver=btusb speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:3
description: USB controller
product: MCP79 EHCI USB 2.0 Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 6.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:06.1
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: debug pm ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: irq:22 memory:d3589100-d35891ff
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-27-generic ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2
logical name: usb2
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=5 speed=480Mbit/s
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: MCP79 High Definition Audio
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 8
bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 maxlatency=5 mingnt=2
resources: irq:20 memory:d3580000-d3583fff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: MCP79 PCI Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 9
bus info: pci@0000:00:09.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode cap_list
resources: memory:d3400000-d34fffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: MCP79 Ethernet
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: a
bus info: pci@0000:00:0a.0
logical name: enp0s10
version: b1
serial: 00:25:4b:ce:f4:fc
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=forcedeth driverversion=0.64 latency=0 link=no maxlatency=20 mingnt=1 multicast=yes port=MII
resources: irq:30 memory:d3586000-d3586fff ioport:21e0(size=8) memory:d3589000-d35890ff memory:d3589300-d358930f
*-sata
description: SATA controller
product: MCP79 AHCI Controller
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: b
bus info: pci@0000:00:0b.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: sata pm msi ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 maxlatency=1 mingnt=3
resources: irq:27 ioport:21d8(size=8) ioport:21ec(size=4) ioport:21d0(size=8) ioport:21e8(size=4) ioport:21c0(size=16) memory:d3584000-d3585fff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: c
bus info: pci@0000:00:0c.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:24 memory:d3300000-d33fffff
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 10
bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm msi normal_decode bus_master cap_list
resources: ioport:1000(size=4096) memory:d2000000-d30fffff ioport:c0000000(size=301989888)
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: C79 [GeForce 9400]
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
version: b1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=nouveau latency=0
resources: irq:29 memory:d2000000-d2ffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:1000(size=128) memory:d3000000-d301ffff
*-pci:3
description: PCI bridge
product: MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 15
bus info: pci@0000:00:15.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:25 memory:d3200000-d32fffff
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: BCM4322 802.11a/b/g/n Wireless LAN Controller
vendor: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
logical name: wlp4s0
version: 01
serial: 00:25:4b:97:a7:7e
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.271 (r587334) ip=192.168.0.24 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:18 memory:d3200000-d3203fff
*-pci:4
description: PCI bridge
product: MCP79 PCI Express Bridge
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 16
bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
version: b1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:26 memory:d3100000-d31fffff
*-firewire
description: FireWire (IEEE 1394)
product: FW643 [TrueFire] PCIe 1394b Controller
vendor: LSI Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0
version: 07
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress ohci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=0
resources: irq:28 memory:d3100000-d3100fff
*-pnp00:00
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 2
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:01
product: PnP device PNP0103
physical id: 5
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:02
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 7
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:03
product: PnP device PNP0b00
physical id: 8
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=rtc_cmos
*-scsi:0
physical id: 9
logical name: scsi0
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: WDC WD3200AAJS-4
vendor: Western Digital
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 4A10
serial: WD-WCAT1A790297
size: 298GiB (320GB)
capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos
configuration: ansiversion=5 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
*-volume:0 UNCLAIMED
description: EFI GPT partition
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1
capacity: 512MiB
capabilities: primary nofs
*-volume:1
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sda2
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: 33234c9c-1470-4715-b955-9fd95b01b070
size: 297GiB
capacity: 297GiB
capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2021-08-08 10:19:15 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2022-01-23 08:37:22 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro mounted=2022-01-23 08:37:36 state=mounted
*-scsi:1
physical id: a
logical name: scsi1
capabilities: emulated
*-cdrom
description: DVD writer
product: DVD-RW DVRTS08
vendor: PIONEER
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/cdrw
logical name: /dev/dvd
logical name: /dev/dvdrw
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: Q81D
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=open
示例 1
冻结后 sudo dmesg -T 的示例输出。以下是浏览器的问题：
[Sun Jan 23 08:51:46 2022] audit: type=1400 audit(1642927907.162:76): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" profile="/snap/snapd/14295/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine" pid=2888 comm="snap-confine" capability=4 capname="fsetid"
[Sun Jan 23 08:51:52 2022] audit: type=1326 audit(1642927913.522:77): auid=1000 uid=1000 gid=1000 ses=3 subj=snap.chromium.chromium pid=2888 comm="chrome" exe="/snap/chromium/1878/usr/lib/chromium-browser/chrome" sig=0 arch=c000003e syscall=314 compat=0 ip=0x7f7e3b14b89d code=0x50000
[Sun Jan 23 08:52:08 2022] audit: type=1400 audit(1642927929.014:78): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.chromium.chromium" name="/run/udev/data/+dmi:id" pid=2888 comm="ThreadPoolForeg" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
[Sun Jan 23 08:53:32 2022] perf: interrupt took too long (2506 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79750
示例 2
当系统无法从睡眠状态唤醒时，需要重新启动。此消息再次出现，在日志应用程序的系统部分标记为“重要”。这是否相关？
perf: interrupt took too long (2522 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79250
示例 3
需要重新启动，这是由于尝试打开 Firefox 并同时检查终端中的“top”时发生冻结所致。系统日志列表如下：
截图第一部分的文字如下（如果有更多信息帮助，请告诉我）：
perf: interrupt took too long (2505 > 2500), lowering kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate to 79750
audit: type=1400 audit(1642935455.448:78): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" profile="snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software" name="/etc/PackageKit/Vendor.conf" pid=2063 comm="snap-store" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=1000 ouid=0
audit: type=1107 audit(1642935452.760:77): pid=729 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority" interface="org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority" member="CheckAuthorization" mask="send" name=":1.8" pid=2063 label="snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software" peer_pid=759 peer_label="unconfined"
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
audit: type=1107 audit(1642935452.760:76): pid=729 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority" interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" mask="send" name=":1.8" pid=2063 label="snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software" peer_pid=759 peer_label="unconfined"
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
audit: type=1107 audit(1642935452.136:75): pid=729 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority" interface="org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.Authority" member="CheckAuthorization" mask="send" name=":1.8" pid=2063 label="snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software" peer_pid=759 peer_label="unconfined"
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
audit: type=1107 audit(1642935452.136:74): pid=729 uid=103 auid=4294967295 ses=4294967295 subj=unconfined msg='apparmor="DENIED" operation="dbus_method_call" bus="system" path="/org/freedesktop/PolicyKit1/Authority" interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" mask="send" name=":1.8" pid=2063 label="snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software" peer_pid=759 peer_label="unconfined"
exe="/usr/bin/dbus-daemon" sauid=103 hostname=? addr=? terminal=?'
audit: type=1326 audit(1642935445.412:73): auid=1000 uid=1000 gid=1000 ses=3 subj=snap.snap-store.ubuntu-software pid=2063 comm="snap-store" exe="/snap/snap-store/558/usr/bin/snap-store" sig=0 arch=c000003e syscall=314 compat=0 ip=0x7efea265c89d code=0x50000
audit: type=1400 audit(1642935437.788:72): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" profile="/snap/snapd/14295/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine" pid=2063 comm="snap-confine" capability=4 capname="fsetid"
audit: type=1400 audit(1642935437.048:71): apparmor="DENIED" operation="capable" profile="/snap/snapd/14295/usr/lib/snapd/snap-confine" pid=2063 comm="snap-confine" capability=39 capname="bpf"
我怎样才能最好地查明问题并寻求建议？
答案1
Nouveau 是内置驱动程序，性能不佳。切换回 Nvidia 340 驱动程序（在升级到 ubuntu 21.10 期间已被覆盖）。
点击此链接获取 nvidia 340 PPA： https://launchpad.net/~kelebek333/+archive/ubuntu/nvidia-legacy
安装：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kelebek333/nvidia-legacy
sudo apt-get update
请参阅此帖子以了解更多信息： 从 Lubuntu 20.10 升级到 21.04 后无法使用专有 NVIDIA 显卡驱动程序
请对这些步骤进行评论以进行说明，因为我对这些步骤不是 100% 清楚，尽管结果很好。