我不得不把我的笔记本电脑（msi GP62MVR）送去维修，但出现了电气问题。维修成功了（至少我是这么认为的）。我想通过 HDMI 连接电视，但发现我没有 nvidia 驱动程序。
首先，我检查了“附加驱动程序”，它是空白的： 在此处输入图片描述
然后我检查了 ubuntu-drivers 设备，什么也没显示
如果我输入 nvidia-smi：
*NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.*
使用 lspci：
*00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530 (rev 06)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 31)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem (rev 31)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 31)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode] (rev 31)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus (rev 31)
01:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 3165 (rev 81)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Qualcomm Atheros Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10)
03:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM1142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
04:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: VIA Technologies, Inc. Device 3533 (rev c0)*
和 lswh：
* description: Notebook
product: GP62MVR 6RF (16JB.1)
vendor: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd.
version: REV:1.0
serial: 9S716JB42248ZGA000753
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-3.0.0 dmi-3.0.0 smp vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=G sku=16JB.1 uuid=0000488B-4C24-304C-7074-616C00000048 *-core
description: Motherboard
product: MS-16JB
vendor: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd.
physical id: 0
version: REV:1.0
serial: BSS-0123456789
slot: Default string
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
physical id: 1
version: E16JBIMS.110
date: 01/16/2018
size: 64KiB
capacity: 6MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 3e
slot: L1 Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back data
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L1 cache
physical id: 3f
slot: L1 Cache
size: 128KiB
capacity: 128KiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back instruction
configuration: level=1
*-cache:2
description: L2 cache
physical id: 40
slot: L2 Cache
size: 1MiB
capacity: 1MiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:3
description: L3 cache
physical id: 41
slot: L3 Cache
size: 6MiB
capacity: 6MiB
capabilities: synchronous internal write-back unified
configuration: level=3
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 42
bus info: cpu@0
version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6700HQ CPU @ 2.60GHz
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: U3E1
size: 3057MHz
capacity: 3500MHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 100MHz
capabilities: lm fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb invpcid_single pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid ept_ad fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt intel_pt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp md_clear flush_l1d cpufreq
configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=4 threads=8
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 43
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 24GiB
*-bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2133 MHz (0,5 ns)
product: CT16G4SFD8266.C16FD1
vendor: 859B
physical id: 0
serial: E33DD135
slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
size: 16GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2133MHz (0.5ns)
*-bank:1
description: SODIMM DDR4 Synchronous 2133 MHz (0,5 ns)
product: MSI24D4S7S8MB-8
vendor: Kingston
physical id: 1
serial: 610A0CC6
slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
size: 8GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 2133MHz (0.5ns)
*-pci
description: Host bridge
product: Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 07
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=skl_uncore
resources: irq:0
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: HD Graphics 530
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 06
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:136 memory:de000000-deffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:f000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff
*-usb
description: USB controller
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 14
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.0
version: 31
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:125 memory:df410000-df41ffff
*-usbhost:0
product: xHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-28-generic xhci-hcd
physical id: 0
bus info: usb@1
logical name: usb1
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=16 speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb:0
description: Keyboard
product: Dell USB Keyboard
vendor: Dell
physical id: 4
bus info: usb@1:4
version: 3.01
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=70mA speed=1Mbit/s
*-usb:1
description: Human interface device
product: MSI EPF USB
vendor: MSI EPF USB
physical id: 7
bus info: usb@1:7
version: 1.10
serial: MSI EPF USB
capabilities: usb-1.10
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=2mA speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:2
description: Bluetooth wireless interface
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: a
bus info: usb@1:a
version: 0.01
capabilities: bluetooth usb-2.00
configuration: driver=btusb maxpower=100mA speed=12Mbit/s
*-usb:3
description: Generic USB device
product: USB2.0-CRW
vendor: Generic
physical id: c
bus info: usb@1:c
version: 39.60
serial: 20100201396000000
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=rtsx_usb maxpower=500mA speed=480Mbit/s
*-usbhost:1
product: xHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-28-generic xhci-hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@2
logical name: usb2
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-3.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=8 speed=5000Mbit/s
*-generic
description: Signal processing controller
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Thermal Subsystem
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 14.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:14.2
version: 31
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi cap_list
configuration: driver=intel_pch_thermal latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:df42e000-df42efff
*-communication
description: Communication controller
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 16
bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0
version: 31
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=mei_me latency=0
resources: irq:134 memory:df42d000-df42dfff
*-sata
description: SATA controller
product: HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 17
bus info: pci@0000:00:17.0
version: 31
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: sata msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:124 memory:df428000-df429fff memory:df42c000-df42c0ff ioport:f090(size=8) ioport:f080(size=4) ioport:f060(size=32) memory:df42b000-df42b7ff
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: f1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:120 memory:df300000-df3fffff
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: Wireless 3165
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
logical name: wlp1s0
version: 81
serial: 58:fb:84:20:36:81
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.13.0-28-generic firmware=29.1654887522.0 7265D-29.ucode ip=192.168.0.10 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:135 memory:df300000-df301fff
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3
version: f1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:121 ioport:e000(size=4096) memory:df200000-df2fffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: Killer E2400 Gigabit Ethernet Controller
vendor: Qualcomm Atheros
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: enp2s0
version: 10
serial: 4c:cc:6a:82:b0:34
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=alx driverversion=5.13.0-28-generic latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
resources: irq:19 memory:df200000-df23ffff ioport:e000(size=128)
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.4
version: f1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:122 memory:df100000-df1fffff
*-usb
description: USB controller
product: ASM1142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
vendor: ASMedia Technology Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi msix pm pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:df100000-df107fff
*-usbhost:0
product: xHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-28-generic xhci-hcd
physical id: 0
bus info: usb@3
logical name: usb3
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb
description: Mouse
product: USB Optical Mouse
vendor: Genius
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@3:1
version: 1.00
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=usbhid maxpower=100mA speed=1Mbit/s
*-usbhost:1
product: xHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.13.0-28-generic xhci-hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@4
logical name: usb4
version: 5.13
capabilities: usb-3.10
configuration: driver=hub slots=2 speed=10000Mbit/s
*-pci:3
description: PCI bridge
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1d
bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0
version: f1
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:123 ioport:d000(size=4096) memory:df000000-df0fffff
*-storage
description: Non-Volatile memory controller
product: VIA Technologies, Inc.
vendor: VIA Technologies, Inc.
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
version: c0
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: storage pm pciexpress nvm_express bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=nvme latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:df000000-df007fff ioport:d010(size=16) ioport:d000(size=16)
*-nvme0
description: NVMe device
product: VT6098 SSD NVMe
physical id: 0
logical name: /dev/nvme0
version: 3.003.15
serial: S1T7C0I9000322
configuration: nqn=nqn.2014.08.org.nvmexpress:11061106S1T7C0I9000322 VT6098 SSD NVMe state=live
*-namespace
description: NVMe namespace
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1
size: 477GiB (512GB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: guid=6b387fd2-88a6-4864-bc63-6a7516172b8f logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
*-volume:0
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1p1
logical name: /
version: 1.0
serial: efdda725-0527-4be0-8d40-b51302c8c161
size: 104GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2022-02-03 11:32:27 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2022-02-14 15:32:29 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro mounted=2022-02-14 14:48:13 state=mounted
*-volume:1
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 2
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1p2
logical name: /home
version: 1.0
serial: fbfb2434-31ae-4cd0-bd55-b8f194ff2c57
size: 353GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2022-02-03 11:32:43 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/home modified=2022-02-14 15:32:30 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime mounted=2022-02-14 15:32:30 state=mounted
*-volume:2
description: Linux swap volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 3
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1p3
version: 1
serial: c88e281e-541c-4c6f-8ba1-47ac6ee973b8
size: 16GiB
capacity: 16GiB
capabilities: nofs swap initialized
configuration: filesystem=swap pagesize=4095
*-volume:3
description: Windows FAT volume
vendor: mkfs.fat
physical id: 4
logical name: /dev/nvme0n1p4
logical name: /boot/efi
version: FAT32
serial: 7794-9860
size: 1892MiB
capacity: 1905MiB
capabilities: boot fat initialized
configuration: FATs=2 filesystem=fat mount.fstype=vfat mount.options=rw,relatime,fmask=0077,dmask=0077,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro state=mounted
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 31
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master
configuration: latency=0
*-memory UNCLAIMED
description: Memory controller
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
version: 31
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz (30.3ns)
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:df424000-df427fff
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 31
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=32
resources: irq:137 memory:df420000-df423fff memory:df400000-df40ffff
*-serial
description: SMBus
product: 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.4
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.4
version: 31
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=i801_smbus latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:df42a000-df42a0ff ioport:f040(size=32)
*-pnp00:00
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 0
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:01
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 2
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:02
product: PnP device PNP0b00
physical id: 3
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=rtc_cmos
*-pnp00:03
product: PnP device INT3f0d
physical id: 4
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:04
product: PnP device SYN1509
physical id: 5
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 aux
*-pnp00:05
product: PnP device MSI0007
physical id: 6
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 kbd
*-pnp00:06
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 7
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:07
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 8
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:08
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 9
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:09
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: a
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-scsi
physical id: b
logical name: scsi2
capabilities: emulated
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: WDC WDS100T2G0A-
vendor: Western Digital
physical id: 0.0.0
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sda
version: 0400
serial: 212508A00083
size: 931GiB (1TB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=42b3d8d0-c939-402d-9e28-5dd03d284e2f logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=512
*-volume
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sda1
logical name: /datos
version: 1.0
serial: 2fe4bda1-7288-40ef-9d15-bf57a1c7e835
size: 931GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2022-02-11 18:59:11 filesystem=ext4 label=datos lastmountpoint=/datos modified=2022-02-14 15:32:30 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime mounted=2022-02-14 15:32:30 state=mounted *-power UNCLAIMED
description: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
physical id: 1
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
capacity: 32768mWh
*
我尝试使用实时 USB 检查它是否会改变，结果是一样的。
所以，我的问题是，我如何确定是硬件问题还是软件问题？
谢谢！