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如何移动 MySQL 的默认存储位置？

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如何移动 MySQL 的默认存储位置？

背景信息：

APT 默认安装的 MySQL 服务器 8.0 占据了我的根分区。

因此，我最近在系统上安装了一个新驱动器，用于存储大型数据集，特别是大型 MySQL 数据库。我已将该驱动器添加到“fstab”，并确认它会在启动时自动安装。

我的问题：

我希望将默认的“datadir”移动到该已安装的驱动器，但是按照原始 MySQL 文档中的说明执行后，mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/new_driveMySQL 错误日志显示创建的文件夹“不可用”。我也尝试了此Digital Ocean 教程和这个Youtube 视频没有运气。

终端输出：

(base) ➜  ~ sudo chown mysql:mysql /mnt/data/mysql/
(base) ➜  ~ sudo mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/data/mysql/data
2022-12-05T17:53:54.587829Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) initializing of server in progress as process 31763
2022-12-05T17:53:54.588736Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010174] [Server] Can't change data directory owner to mysql
2022-12-05T17:53:54.588738Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /mnt/data/mysql/data/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2022-12-05T17:53:54.588782Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-12-05T17:53:54.588920Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.31-0ubuntu0.22.04.1)  (Ubuntu).

更新 1：

按照本文问题部分所述的步骤 1 - 5 进行操作后AskUbuntu 主题，该mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/new_drive步骤似乎已成功完成。因此权限问题可能与 AppArmor 有关。但现在服务器无法启动。

日志/var/log/mysql/error.log显示以下内容：

2022-12-05T19:42:05.982975Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31-0ubuntu0.22.04.1) initializing of server in progress as process 41772
2022-12-05T19:42:06.022751Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-12-05T19:42:06.164363Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-12-05T19:42:07.137874Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <random password>

当我尝试启动 MySQL 服务时发生了这种情况。

(base) ➜  ~ sudo service mysql status 
× mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2022-12-05 14:46:11 EST; 6s ago
    Process: 42159 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
        CPU: 5ms

Dec 05 14:46:11 Raza systemd[1]: mysql.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 5.
Dec 05 14:46:11 Raza systemd[1]: Stopped MySQL Community Server.
Dec 05 14:46:11 Raza systemd[1]: mysql.service: Start request repeated too quickly.
Dec 05 14:46:11 Raza systemd[1]: mysql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 05 14:46:11 Raza systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server.

系统信息：

Ubuntu 22.04 MySQL 服务器 8.0

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