使用 APT 时出现错误“update-initramfs: 175: awk: 符号链接层数过多”

Question

我在 Ubuntu 22.10 上，当尝试运行apt或apt-get使用时{install|remove|auto-remove}出现以下错误：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu17) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu17) ...
/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 175: awk: Too many levels of symbolic links
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
 installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned 
error exit status 127
Errors were encountered while processing:
 initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

错误信息显示：

/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 175: awk: Too many levels of symbolic links

所以我尝试update-initramfs单独运行

ya22y@IYB:~$ sudo update-initramfs -u
/usr/sbin/update-initramfs: 175: awk: Too many levels of symbolic links

确保文件权限

    ya22y@IYB:~$ stat ../../usr/sbin/update-initramfs
  File: ../../usr/sbin/update-initramfs
  Size: 6906        Blocks: 16         IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 803h/2051d  Inode: 6553706     Links: 1
Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)

据我所知，文件 A 引用文件 B 的无限循环导致了此错误。我检查了 update-initramfs 代码，但我不知道如何解决此错误。

编辑我update-initramfs再次检查，错误来源是启动选项

ro_boot_check()
{
        # check irrelevant inside of a chroot
        if [ ! -r /proc/mounts ] || ischroot; then
                return 0
        fi

        #shellcheck disable=SC1004
        boot_opts=$(awk '/boot/{if ((match($4, /^ro/) || match($4, /,ro/)) \
                && $2 == "/boot") print "ro"}' /proc/mounts)

        if [ -n "${boot_opts}" ]; then
                echo "W: /boot is ro mounted." >&2
                echo "W: update-initramfs: Not updating ${initramfs}" >&2
                exit 0
        fi
}

启动目录

ya22y@IYB:~$ ls ../../boot
config-5.19.0-35-generic      memtest86+.elf
efi                           memtest86+_multiboot.bin
grub                          System.map-5.19.0-35-generic
initrd.img                    vmlinuz
initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic  vmlinuz-5.19.0-35-generic
memtest86+.bin

我试过

awk
Command 'awk' not found, but can be installed with:
sudo apt install gawk          # version 1:5.1.0-1build3, or
sudo apt install mawk          # version 1.3.4.20200120-3.1
sudo apt install original-awk  # version 2018-08-27-1

正如@Bodo 提到的

ya22y@IYB:~$ ls -l ../../usr/bin/awk
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 mars   6 23:17 ../../usr/bin/awk -> /usr/bin/awk

也尝试过

sudo sh -c 'awk'
sh: 1: awk: Too many levels of symbolic links

所以我决定换awk到mawk里面/usr/sbin/update-initramfs

 
 #shellcheck disable=SC1004
       #changing awk to mawk 
       boot_opts=$(mawk '/boot/{if ((match($4, /^ro/) || match($4, /,ro/)) \
                && $2 == "/boot") print "ro"}' /proc/mounts)

检查

ya22y@IYB:~$ sudo update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.19.0-35-generic
ya22y@IYB:~$ 

现在我收到了另一个错误

sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.140ubuntu17) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up original-awk (2018-08-27-1) ...
update-alternatives: error: cannot stat file '/usr/bin/awk': Too many levels of 
symbolic links
dpkg: error processing package original-awk (--configure):
 installed original-awk package post-installation script subprocess returned err
or exit status 2

主要awk是链接坏了，我该如何修复？

Answer 1

手动更改下面的文件/etc/alternatives/将破坏 Ubuntu Alternatives 系统并导致错误...请参见例如：错误：无法统计文件‘/etc/alternatives/my.cnf’：参数无效

awkUbuntu 上安装的默认变体是mawk...您应该能够正确地修复awk下面的损坏/不可用的文件/链接/etc/alternatives/，方法是先将其删除，如下所示：

sudo rm /etc/alternatives/awk

然后，以正确的方式重新创建它，如下所示：

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mawk

注意：如果gawk您的系统上安装了，则它将优先，并且该链接应为：

$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/awk
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 17 11:44 /etc/alternatives/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk

或者，应为：

$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/awk
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 17 11:44 /etc/alternatives/awk -> /usr/bin/mawk

另请注意：这/usr/bin/awk仅仅是由 Ubuntu Alternatives 系统管理的一个符号链接，它指向/etc/alternatives/awk并应该是这样的：

$ ls -l /usr/bin/awk 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Jan  8  2022 /usr/bin/awk -> /etc/alternatives/awk

因此，您也不应该手动更改那个，或者您需要先删除它们来修复它们，如下所示：

$ sudo rm /etc/alternatives/awk /usr/bin/awk

然后，以正确的方式重新创建它们，如下所示：

$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure mawk

之后，它们应该被修复并看起来像这样：

$ ls -l /etc/alternatives/awk /usr/bin/awk 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 17 14:02 /etc/alternatives/awk -> /usr/bin/gawk
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Mar 17 14:02 /usr/bin/awk -> /etc/alternatives/awk

Answer 2

简单地删除断开的链接将解决问题。

ya22y@IYB:/usr/bin$ sudo rm awk

（编辑）

然后创建一个新链接

sudo ln -s /etc/alternatives/awk /usr/bin/awk