我想在更新 snap 包时查看所有日志和更改，就像 一样sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade。我习惯sudo snap refresh手动升级它们，但没有开关可以查看更多日志和应用更改。
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 17% 1.74MB/s 17.0s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 22% 1.48MB/s 18.7s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 22% 1.33MB/s 20.8s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 22% 1.03MB/s 26.8s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 48% 656kB/s 28.2s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 53% 689kB/s 24.6s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 59% 748kB/s 19.5s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 84% 948kB/s 5.90s
Download snap "snapd" (19993) from channel "latest/stable" 92% 984kB/s 3.03s
2023-08-22T22:09:50+03:30 INFO Waiting for automatic snapd restart...
snapd 2.60.2 from Canonical✓ refreshed
命令的输出sudo snap refresh --help。
[refresh command options]
--color=[auto|never|always] Use a little bit of color to highlight some things. (default: auto)
--unicode=[auto|never|always] Use a little bit of Unicode to improve legibility. (default: auto)
--abs-time Display absolute times (in RFC 3339 format). Otherwise, display relative
times up to 60 days, then YYYY-MM-DD.
--no-wait Do not wait for the operation to finish but just print the change id.
--channel= Use this channel instead of stable
--edge Install from the edge channel
--beta Install from the beta channel
--candidate Install from the candidate channel
--stable Install from the stable channel
--devmode Put snap in development mode and disable security confinement
--jailmode Put snap in enforced confinement mode
--classic Put snap in classic mode and disable security confinement
--amend Allow refresh attempt on snap unknown to the store
--revision= Refresh to the given revision
--cohort= Refresh the snap into the given cohort
--leave-cohort Refresh the snap out of its cohort
--list Show the new versions of snaps that would be updated with the next refresh
--time Show auto refresh information but do not perform a refresh
--ignore-validation Ignore validation by other snaps blocking the refresh
--transaction=[all-snaps|per-snap] Have one transaction per-snap or one for all the specified snaps (default:
per-snap)
--hold= Hold refreshes for a specified duration (or forever, if no value is
specified)
--unhold Remove refresh hold
我应该怎么办？
答案1
snap changes（不是“snap refresh changes”）将列出最近的安装、刷新和删除。“最近”表示 snapd 的同一会话。
下面是展示今天的删除、刷新和安装操作的示例：
# snapd refreshed and restarted earlier
$ snap changes # today so older data is lost
ID Status Spawn Ready Summary
272 Done today at 10:05 CDT today at 10:05 CDT Auto-refresh snap "rpi-imager"
273 Done today at 14:13 CDT today at 14:13 CDT Remove "rpi-imager" snap
274 Done today at 14:16 CDT today at 14:17 CDT Refresh snap "snapd"
275 Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Install "rpi-imager" snap
记下 ID 号。如果我们想要更详细的信息，我们可以使用该号码：
$ sudo snap change 271 # You cannot use the ID Number to see older changes
error: cannot find change with id "271"
$ sudo snap change 275
Status Spawn Ready Summary
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Ensure prerequisites for "rpi-imager" are available
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Download snap "rpi-imager" (465) from channel "stable"
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Fetch and check assertions for snap "rpi-imager" (465)
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Mount snap "rpi-imager" (465)
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Copy snap "rpi-imager" data
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Setup snap "rpi-imager" (465) security profiles
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Make snap "rpi-imager" (465) available to the system
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Automatically connect eligible plugs and slots of snap "rpi-imager"
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Set automatic aliases for snap "rpi-imager"
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Setup snap "rpi-imager" aliases
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Run install hook of "rpi-imager" snap if present
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Run default-configure hook of "rpi-imager" snap if present
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Start snap "rpi-imager" (465) services
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Run configure hook of "rpi-imager" snap if present
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Run health check of "rpi-imager" snap
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:udisks2 to snapd:udisks2
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:gsettings to snapd:gsettings
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:gtk-3-themes to gtk-common-themes:gtk-3-themes
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:hardware-observe to snapd:hardware-observe
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:home to snapd:home
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:icon-themes to gtk-common-themes:icon-themes
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:sound-themes to gtk-common-themes:sound-themes
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:wayland to snapd:wayland
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:x11 to snapd:x11
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:desktop to snapd:desktop
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:desktop-legacy to snapd:desktop-legacy
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:opengl to snapd:opengl
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:mount-observe to snapd:mount-observe
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:network to snapd:network
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Connect rpi-imager:removable-media to snapd:removable-media
Done today at 14:23 CDT today at 14:23 CDT Setup snap "rpi-imager" (465) security profiles for auto-connections
目前，安装、刷新和删除信息仅可从 snapd 获取。这些信息未记录在日志或系统日志中。但是，当刷新不可用时，情况正好相反：snap changes没有任何提示，但会记录检查。
$ journalctl --unit=snapd --lines=1
Aug 22 14:24:25 my-system snapd[338944]: storehelpers.go:773: cannot refresh: snap has no updates available: "bare", "core", "core20", "core22", "cups", "discord", "firefox", "gnome-3-38-2004", "gnome-42-2204", "gtk-common-themes", "gtk2-common-themes", "hunspell-dictionaries-1-7-2004", "inkscape", "lxd", "rpi-imager", "snapd", "snapd-desktop-integration", "thunderbird"
$ grep snapd /var/log/syslog | tail -n1
2023-08-22T14:24:25.365238-05:00 my-system snapd[338944]: storehelpers.go:773: cannot refresh: snap has no updates available: "bare", "core", "core20", "core22", "cups", "discord", "firefox", "gnome-3-38-2004", "gnome-42-2204", "gtk-common-themes", "gtk2-common-themes", "hunspell-dictionaries-1-7-2004", "inkscape", "lxd", "rpi-imager", "snapd", "snapd-desktop-integration", "thunderbird"