如果我运行，vulkaninfo我会得到一个段错误（虽然我找不到核心转储）：
$ vulkaninfo
WARNING: [Loader Message] Code 0 : loader_scanned_icd_add: Driver /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvulkan_nouveau.so supports Vulkan 1.3, but only supports loader interface version 4. Interface version 5 or newer required to support this version of Vulkan (Policy #LDP_DRIVER_7)
WARNING: [Loader Message] Code 0 : terminator_CreateInstance: Failed to CreateInstance in ICD 4. Skipping ICD.
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
但是，我可以像这样运行它：
$ VK_ICD_FILENAMES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json:/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.i686.json vulkaninfo
并且它给出了预期的输出，例如如果我通过以下方式发送它| grep driver：
MESA: error: Use of VkSurfacePresentModeCompatibilityEXT without a VkSurfacePresentModeEXT set. This is an application bug.
driverVersion = 23.3.1 (96481281)
driverID = DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV
driverName = radv
driverInfo = Mesa 23.3~git2309020600.1ae3c4~oibaf~l (git-1ae3c40 2023-09-02 lunar-oibaf-ppa)
driverUUID = 414d442d-4d45-5341-2d44-525600000000
driverUUID = 414d442d-4d45-5341-2d44-525600000000
driverID = DRIVER_ID_MESA_RADV
driverName = radv
driverInfo = Mesa 23.3~git2309020600.1ae3c4~oibaf~l (git-1ae3c40 2023-09-02 lunar-oibaf-ppa)
VK_KHR_driver_properties : extension revision 1
我的显卡使用 AMDGPU 驱动程序：
$ inxi -G
Graphics:
Device-1: AMD Ellesmere [Radeon RX 470/480/570/570X/580/580X/590]
driver: amdgpu v: kernel
Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 1.21.1.7 with: Xwayland v: 22.1.8 driver: X:
loaded: amdgpu unloaded: modesetting dri: radeonsi gpu: amdgpu
resolution: 1920x1080~75Hz
API: OpenGL v: 4.6 Mesa 23.3~git2309020600.1ae3c4~oibaf~l (git-1ae3c40
2023-09-02 lunar-oibaf-ppa) renderer: AMD Radeon RX 580 Series (polaris10
LLVM 15.0.7 DRM 3.49 6.2.0-31-generic)
问题是否在于 oibaf 驱动程序（前沿技术）包含了我不需要的文件，还是发生了其他事情？这一切都与 Steam 调试有关，我的大多数游戏都已停止启动（尤其是 CS:GO，尚未更新到 CS:GO 2）。
$ dpkg -S libvulkan_nouveau.so
$ dpkg -L mesa-vulkan-drivers
显示所有/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/*_icd.x86_64.json和/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvulkan_*.so文件均来自mesa-vulkan-drivers。
戴森球计划的游戏启动示例：
/bin/sh\0-c\0/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/reaper SteamLaunch AppId=1366540 -- /home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/steam-launch-wrapper -- '/media/WDblue2TBmedia/games/steamapps/common/SteamLinuxRuntime_sniper'/_v2-entry-point --verb=waitforexitandrun -- '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/steamapps/common/Proton - Experimental'/proton waitforexitandrun '/media/WDblue2TBmedia/games/steamapps/common/Dyson Sphere Program/DSPGAME.exe'\0
chdir "/media/WDblue2TBmedia/games/steamapps/common/Dyson Sphere Program"
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_64/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object '/home/pbhj/.steam/debian-installation/ubuntu12_32/gameoverlayrenderer.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded (wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32): ignored.
(process:8427): steam-runtime-tools-CRITICAL **: 00:06:02.354: _srt_constructor: assertion '_srt_check_not_setuid ()' failed
pressure-vessel-wrap[8427]: E: Cannot run /usr/bin/bwrap: wait status 256
pressure-vessel-wrap[8427]: E: Diagnostic output:
bwrap: setting up uid map: Permission denied
pressure-vessel-wrap[8427]: E: Cannot run /media/WDblue2TBmedia/games/steamapps/common/SteamLinuxRuntime_sniper/pressure-vessel/bin/pv-bwrap: wait status 256
pressure-vessel-wrap[8427]: E: Diagnostic output:
bwrap: setting up uid map: Permission denied
Uploaded AppInterfaceStats to Steam