我的 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 系统 Dell Inspiron 15 7559 目前没有声音，尽管它已经运行了几个月或几年。我试图附上我能找到的所有有用的调试信息，但远非专家。我在工作中使用 unix 系统多年，但从未担任过管理员。所以我相当聪明，但非常无知。
问题始于我关闭 BIOS 中的 TPM 芯片以停止收到一些启动错误消息。BIOS 中的安全启动始终处于禁用状态。重新启动后，我没有声音。我尝试将其重新打开并重新启动，但这没有帮助。我尝试了许多方法，最后还是放弃了，并打算重新安装。我想我会尝试 Ubuntu 24.04，但这既不能恢复声音，又会抛出许多其他错误消息，以至于我认为它对我的硬件来说太高级了。然后我重新安装了 22.04 - 始终使用完全“擦除磁盘”清除。声音恢复了，很美妙。我高高兴兴地上床睡觉，让机器运行一整夜，下载一些游戏。
早上，声音正常，但充满静电和杂音。我重新安装了 22.04 并清除了噪音，但一点声音都没有。
系统是配备 Nvidia GE GeForce 960M、Realtek AC3246 控制器和 Intel 100 系列/C230 芯片组的戴尔 Inspiron 15 7559。
启动时有一条关于 hdaudio 的消息，但它就在系统清除屏幕进入 Ubuntu 启动页面之前，我无法阅读它。这是在启动过程中验证文件系统后发生的。它可能出现在 /var/log/kern.log 中
hdaudio hdaudioC0D0: no AFG or MFG node found
由于这是 vanilla 22.04 LTS，系统正在运行 pulseaudio、pipewire 和 alsa；可能还有 wireplumber？
alsa 项目调试脚本结果（从 dmesg、lspci、aplay、amixer、alsactl、rpm 等中提取结果）： http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=4b2d3d803d35f58275caa629d83a073e6f30ff55[Alsa项目调试脚本结果][1]
Dmesg 和 lspci 的输出似乎很长，无法以内联方式发布。以下是一些片段：
lspci-v
000:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller (rev 31)
Subsystem: Dell 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 32, IRQ 136
Memory at df428000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
Memory at df400000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel, snd_soc_avs
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus (rev 31)
Subsystem: Dell 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus
Flags: medium devsel, IRQ 16
Memory at df432000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
I/O ports at f040 [size=32]
Kernel driver in use: i801_smbus
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
dmesg 位
[ 10.574112] ACPI: video: Video Device [GFX0] (multi-head: yes rom: no post: no)
[ 10.574439] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/LNXVIDEO:00/input/input23
[ 10.574635] ACPI: video: Video Device [PEGP] (multi-head: no rom: yes post: no)
[ 10.574689] input: Video Bus as /devices/LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:3f/LNXVIDEO:01/input/input24
[ 10.574887] snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: bound 0000:00:02.0 (ops i915_audio_component_bind_ops [i915])
[ 10.579942] fbcon: i915drmfb (fb0) is primary device
[ 10.592558] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
[ 10.594134] nvidia: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
[ 10.594142] nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
[ 10.594142] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[ 10.594145] nvidia: module license taints kernel.
[ 10.612181] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] fb0: i915drmfb frame buffer device
[ 10.731035] nvidia-nvlink: Nvlink Core is being initialized, major device number 235
[ 10.732219] nvidia 0000:02:00.0: enabling device (0006 -> 0007)
[ 10.759512] hdaudio hdaudioC0D0: no AFG or MFG node found
[ 10.848551] NVRM: loading NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module 535.171.04 Tue Mar 19 20:30:00 UTC 2024
[ 10.873604] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=3 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input25
[ 10.873686] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=7 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input26
[ 10.873767] input: HDA Intel PCH HDMI/DP,pcm=8 as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.3/sound/card0/input27
[ 10.971870] nvidia-modeset: Loading NVIDIA Kernel Mode Setting Driver for UNIX platforms 535.171.04 Tue Mar 19 20:26:16 UTC 2024
[ 11.005432] [drm] [nvidia-drm] [GPU ID 0x00000200] Loading driver
[ 11.042675] ACPI Warning: \_SB.PCI0.PEG0.PEGP._DSM: Argument #4 type mismatch - Found [Buffer], ACPI requires [Package] (20230331/nsarguments-61)
[ 11.394657] [drm] Initialized nvidia-drm 0.0.0 20160202 for 0000:02:00.0 on minor 1
[ 12.748538] nvidia_uvm: module uses symbols nvUvmInterfaceDisableAccessCntr from proprietary module nvidia, inheriting taint.
[ 12.825839] Bluetooth: BNEP (Ethernet Emulation) ver 1.3
[ 12.825844] Bluetooth: BNEP filters: protocol multicast
[ 12.825848] Bluetooth: BNEP socket layer initialized
[ 12.827676] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.22
[ 12.828370] nvidia-uvm: Loaded the UVM driver, major device number 511.
[ 12.835590] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
[ 13.520358] Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-0-400:00: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-0-400:00, irq=MAC)
[ 13.708470] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Down
[...]
[ 12.835590] NET: Registered PF_ALG protocol family
[ 13.520358] Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-0-400:00: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-0-400:00, irq=MAC)
[ 13.708470] r8169 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: Link is Down