经过几个小时的搜索和尝试，我还是无法运行华为 E3531 USB 调制解调器。在将 Lubuntu 14.04 LTS 更新到 16.04 LTS 之前，它运行良好。现在它注意到了以下情况：- udev 规则与以前相同 - 似乎 USB 棒的模式已经是“调制解调器”，不再是大容量存储。- 网络管理器中不再出现互联网
以下是日志：
系统盘插入后立即：
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 12d1:15d2 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
系统盘过了一会儿：
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 12d1:15d3 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-usb-modeswitch.rules：
# my own rules
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="15d2", RUN+="/usr/sbin/usb_modeswitch -v 12d1 -p 15d2 -M '55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000'"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="15d3", RUN+="/bin/bash -c 'modprobe option && echo 12d1 15d3 > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id'"
usb_modeswitch：
$usb_modeswitch -v 12d1 -p 15d3 -M
Look for default devices ...
product ID matched
Found devices in default mode (1)
Access device 007 on bus 001
Current configuration number is 1
Use interface number 0
Use endpoints 0x02 (out) and 0x82 (in)
Error: can't use storage command in MessageContent with interface 0;
interface class is 255, expected 8. Abort
尾部-f / var / log / syslog
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.772449] usb 1-3: USB disconnect, device number 4
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.772756] option1 ttyUSB0: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.772785] option 1-3:1.0: device disconnected
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.772905] huawei_cdc_ncm 1-3:1.1 wwx001e101f0000: unregister 'huawei_cdc_ncm' usb-0000:00:1d.7-3, Huawei CDC NCM device
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.788591] option1 ttyUSB1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.788621] option 1-3:1.2: device disconnected
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.788801] option1 ttyUSB2: GSM modem (1-port) converter now disconnected from ttyUSB2
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 217.788827] option 1-3:1.3: device disconnected
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 udisksd[1307]: Cleaning up mount point /media/elisabeth/MDM_2.1_MCM_3.05 (device 11:1 no longer exist)
Feb 17 16:31:16 Inspiron-5100 NetworkManager[654]: <info> [1518881476.8835] devices removed (path: /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.1/net/wwx001e101f0000, iface: wwx001e101f0000)
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.848049] usb 1-3: new high-speed USB device number 5 using ehci-pci
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.987447] usb 1-3: New USB device found, idVendor=12d1, idProduct=15d2
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.987454] usb 1-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.987458] usb 1-3: Product: HUAWEI Mobile
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.987461] usb 1-3: Manufacturer: HUAWEI
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 227.987464] usb 1-3: SerialNumber: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 228.065619] usb-storage 1-3:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 228.066100] scsi host6: usb-storage 1-3:1.0
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 5: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3"
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 5 was not an MTP device
Feb 17 16:31:26 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: Starting USB_ModeSwitch_1-3:1.0...
Feb 17 16:31:27 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 228.215024] usb 1-3: USB disconnect, device number 5
Feb 17 16:31:27 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: usb_modeswitch@1-3:1.0.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Feb 17 16:31:27 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: Failed to start USB_ModeSwitch_1-3:1.0.
Feb 17 16:31:27 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: usb_modeswitch@1-3:1.0.service: Unit entered failed state.
Feb 17 16:31:27 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: usb_modeswitch@1-3:1.0.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Feb 17 16:31:28 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.112027] usb 1-3: new high-speed USB device number 6 using ehci-pci
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.245227] usb 1-3: New USB device found, idVendor=12d1, idProduct=15d3
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.245235] usb 1-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.245239] usb 1-3: Product: HUAWEI Mobile
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.245243] usb 1-3: Manufacturer: HUAWEI
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.245246] usb 1-3: SerialNumber: FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.601930] option 1-3:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.602143] usb 1-3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.602641] option 1-3:1.1: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.602847] option 1-3:1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.603021] usb 1-3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.603189] option 1-3:1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.603336] usb 1-3: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB3
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.606663] usb-storage 1-3:1.4: USB Mass Storage device detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.607844] scsi host7: usb-storage 1-3:1.4
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.608268] usb-storage 1-3:1.5: USB Mass Storage device detected
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 230.610182] scsi host8: usb-storage 1-3:1.5
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 6: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb1/1-3"
Feb 17 16:31:29 Inspiron-5100 mtp-probe: bus: 1, device: 6 was not an MTP device
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.621462] scsi 8:0:0:0: Direct-Access HUAWEI TF CARD Storage 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.621700] scsi 7:0:0:0: CD-ROM HUAWEI Mass Storage 2.31 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.625333] sd 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.626954] sd 8:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.634674] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] scsi-1 drive
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.635020] sr 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr1
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.635327] sr 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 5
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.746487] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.746502] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.746508] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.746516] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 ff fe 00 00 02 00
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.746521] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sr1, sector 262136
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752721] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752733] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752741] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752748] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 ff fe 00 00 02 00
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752753] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sr1, sector 262136
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.752761] Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 32767, async page read
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.914234] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.914246] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.914253] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.914260] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 ff fc 00 00 02 00
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.914265] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sr1, sector 262128
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924356] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924368] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Sense Key : Medium Error [current]
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924375] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 Add. Sense: Unrecovered read error
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924381] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] tag#0 CDB: Read(10) 28 00 00 00 ff fc 00 00 02 00
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924387] blk_update_request: critical medium error, dev sr1, sector 262128
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 231.924394] Buffer I/O error on dev sr1, logical block 32766, async page read
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 232.016389] ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 1
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 kernel: [ 232.016764] ISOFS: changing to secondary root
Feb 17 16:31:30 Inspiron-5100 udisksd[1307]: Mounted /dev/sr1 at /media/elisabeth/MDM_2.1_MCM_3.05 on behalf of uid 1000
Feb 17 16:31:45 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: bind(27) AF_INET6 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530#123 flags 0x11 failed: Cannot assign requested address
Feb 17 16:31:45 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: unable to create socket on eth0 (8) for 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530#123
Feb 17 16:31:45 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: failed to init interface for address 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530
Feb 17 16:31:45 Inspiron-5100 avahi-daemon[579]: Registering new address record for 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530 on eth0.*.
Feb 17 16:31:47 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: Listen normally on 9 eth0 [2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530]:123
Feb 17 16:31:47 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: 2001:67c:1560:8003::c8 local addr 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7c90:f75c:1384:d766 -> 2a02:1205:c6bd:470:7d84:5dbe:8e8b:9530
Feb 17 16:31:47 Inspiron-5100 ntpd[1202]: new interface(s) found: waking up resolver
Feb 17 16:32:15 Inspiron-5100 systemd[817]: Time has been changed
Feb 17 16:32:15 Inspiron-5100 systemd[1]: Time has been changed
所以我的问题是：我该怎么做才能让 USB 调制解调器运行？如果您需要任何其他日志，请告诉我。
编辑：通过重新安装 Lubuntu 14.04 LTS 来“解决”它。
非常感谢！
答案1
看来我找到了直接的解决方案。
如果我们usb-modeswitch-data从 14.04 LTS 下载软件包并将其安装在 16.04 LTS 上，结果会怎样？
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/u/usb-modeswitch-data/usb-modeswitch-data_20140327-1_all.deb
我尝试使用 安装此包dpkg -i，但这会usb-modeswitch损坏包。因此我决定手动提取数据包（它在 dpkg-database 中记录为具有 xenial 版本）：
sudo dpkg -x usb-modeswitch-data_20140327-1_all.deb /
请确保您已取消注释您的 udev 规则（以便它们保持在 14.04 LTS 中）然后重新启动。
然后，如果调制解调器正常工作，您可以使用以下命令固定此软件包版本：
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/preferences.d/pin-usb-modeswitch
Package: usb-modeswitch
Pin: version 2.2.5+repack0-1ubuntu1
Pin-Priority: 1001
Package: usb-modeswitch-data
Pin: version 20151101-1
Pin-Priority: 1001
EOF
不要忘记在以下位置启用您的规则/etc/udev/rules.d/70-usb-modeswitch.rules：
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="15d2", RUN+="/usr/sbin/usb_modeswitch -v 12d1 -p 15d2 -M '55534243123456780000000000000011062000000100000000000000000000'"
ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="12d1", ATTRS{idProduct}=="15d3", RUN+="/bin/bash -c 'modprobe option && echo 12d1 15d3 > /sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/option1/new_id'"
我用我的华为 12d1：1446 测试了这种方法 - 它在正常的 16.04 LTS 中不起作用，但可以usb-modeswitch-data在 14.04 LTS 中使用。