我试过sudo apt remove --purge各种软件包。重新安装后，得到的结果都一样。
我也尝试过使用 aptitude 重新安装。但这不起作用。
我目前的解决方法是以 root 身份运行 pylint3，这可行，但却是不好的做法。
pip3
$ pip3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 33, in vendored
__import__(vendored_name, globals(), locals(), level=0)
ImportError: No module named 'pip._vendor.pkg_resources'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 9, in <module>
from pip import main
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
from pip.exceptions import InstallationError, CommandError, PipError
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/exceptions.py", line 6, in <module>
from pip._vendor.six import iteritems
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 75, in <module>
vendored("pkg_resources")
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 36, in vendored
__import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 664, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 634, in _load_backward_compatible
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2927, in <module>
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2913, in _call_aside
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in _initialize_master_working_set
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 956, in subscribe
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in <lambda>
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2515, in activate
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2097, in declare_namespace
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2047, in _handle_ns
File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2066, in _rebuild_mod_path
AttributeError: '_NamespacePath' object has no attribute 'sort'
pylint3
$ pylint3
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/pylint3", line 3, in <module>
run_pylint()
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pylint/__init__.py", line 22, in run_pylint
from pylint.lint import Run
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pylint/lint.py", line 44, in <module>
import astroid
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/astroid/__init__.py", line 54, in <module>
from astroid.nodes import *
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/astroid/nodes.py", line 54, in <module>
from astroid.scoped_nodes import (
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/astroid/scoped_nodes.py", line 35, in <module>
from astroid import manager
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/astroid/manager.py", line 29, in <module>
from astroid import modutils
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/astroid/modutils.py", line 40, in <module>
import pkg_resources
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2927, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2913, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in _initialize_master_working_set
add_activation_listener(lambda dist: dist.activate())
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 956, in subscribe
callback(dist)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in <lambda>
add_activation_listener(lambda dist: dist.activate())
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2515, in activate
declare_namespace(pkg)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2097, in declare_namespace
_handle_ns(packageName, path_item)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2047, in _handle_ns
_rebuild_mod_path(path, packageName, module)
File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2066, in _rebuild_mod_path
orig_path.sort(key=position_in_sys_path)
AttributeError: '_NamespacePath' object has no attribute 'sort'
更新
这解决了问题。
sudo apt remove --purge python3-setuptools
我很想知道如何解决。
更新 更新 我重新安装了所需的依赖项。然后问题又出现了。
@Kenavera 我使用的是来自 repo 的最新 python3-tools（根据 synaptic python3-tools 20.7.0-1，它似乎相当旧了）。
以我的身份运行 python3，因为 root 下的 pylint3 正在运行。我仍然想要一个更好的解决方案。
答案1
清理 Python 安装 将 Python 安装恢复为默认安装，并添加 apt 包依赖项
列出通过 apt 手动安装的所有内容：
comm -23 <(apt-mark showmanual | sort -u) <(gzip -dc /var/log/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -n 's/^Package: //p' | sort -u)
删除 pylint3 和所有 python3-*。对我来说这是：
sudo apt remove pylint3 python3-googleapi python3-lxml python3-matplotlib python3-numpy python3-pip python3-pyocr python3-scipy python3-tk python-lxml python-numpy python-pip python-setuptools
sudo apt autoremove
列出通过 pip 安装的内容ls -ltd /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/*
删除它们
pip3 uninstall setuptools
pip3 uninstall pydicom
pip3 uninstall docx
最后是 pip 本身
pip3 uninstall pip
通过从此处删除所有内容来删除为用户安装的所有内容
'$HOME/.local/lib/python*'
重新安装
sudo apt install python3-pip pylint3 python3-venv
设置虚拟环境
我有一个名为 plan-report 的项目。在那个目录中（不是以 root 身份）
python3 -m venv plan-report-env
chmod +x ./plan-report-env/bin/activate
# this line needs repeating each time a terminal is opened
./plan-report-env/bin/activate
在虚拟环境中重新安装 python 包。例如
pip install numpy
请注意，是 python3 创建了 venv，所以现在您只需说pip，而不是pip3。在 venv 中升级 pip 似乎也可以。
pip install --upgrade pip
答案2
sudo apt-get upgrade python-setuptools对我来说很管用。希望这对你也有帮助。