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步骤 1：检查gsettings

tag-icon • tag-icon 17.10 power-management
步骤 1：检查gsettings

我在华硕笔记本电脑上使用带有 Gnome 的 Ubuntu 17.10。

在电源设置界面的电源选项卡下，底部有一个选项可以设置电池电量严重不足时要采取的措施。

但是，当我单击下拉菜单来设置该选项时，它只提供一个选项，即“不执行任何操作”：

不执行任何操作的电源选项

目前，我的笔记本电脑电池电量耗尽时，或者接近耗尽时，就会自动关闭，没有任何警告，也无法关闭程序并正常关闭。

我希望当电池电量为 10% 时发出警告，并希望在关闭计算机之前留出一些时间手动保存并关闭程序。我该如何实现？

/etc/UPower/UPower.conf编辑：这是我的文件的内容：

# Only the system vendor should modify this file, ordinary users
# should not have to change anything.

[UPower]

# Enable the Watts Up Pro device.
#
# The Watts Up Pro contains a generic FTDI USB device without a specific
# vendor and product ID. When we probe for WUP devices, we can cause
# the user to get a perplexing "Device or resource busy" error when
# attempting to use their non-WUP device.
#
# The generic FTDI device is known to also be used on:
#
# - Sparkfun FT232 breakout board
# - Parallax Propeller
#
# default=false
EnableWattsUpPro=false

# Don't poll the kernel for battery level changes.
#
# Some hardware will send us battery level changes through
# events, rather than us having to poll for it. This option
# allows disabling polling for hardware that sends out events.
#
# default=false
NoPollBatteries=false

# Do we ignore the lid state
#
# Some laptops are broken. The lid state is either inverted, or stuck
# on or off. We can't do much to fix these problems, but this is a way
# for users to make the laptop panel vanish, a state that might be used
# by a couple of user-space daemons. On Linux systems, see also
# logind.conf(5).
#
# default=false
IgnoreLid=false

# Policy for warnings and action based on battery levels
#
# Whether battery percentage based policy should be used. The default
# is to use the time left, change to true to use the percentage, which
# should work around broken firmwares. It is also more reliable than
# the time left (frantically saving all your files is going to use more
# battery than letting it rest for example).
# default=true
UsePercentageForPolicy=true

# When UsePercentageForPolicy is true, the levels at which UPower will
# consider the battery low, critical, or take action for the critical
# battery level.
#
# This will also be used for batteries which don't have time information
# such as that of peripherals.
#
# If any value is invalid, or not in descending order, the defaults
# will be used.
#
# Defaults:
# PercentageLow=10
# PercentageCritical=3
# PercentageAction=2
PercentageLow=10
PercentageCritical=3
PercentageAction=2

# When UsePercentageForPolicy is false, the time remaining at which UPower
# will consider the battery low, critical, or take action for the critical
# battery level.
#
# If any value is invalid, or not in descending order, the defaults
# will be used.
#
# Defaults:
# TimeLow=1200
# TimeCritical=300
# TimeAction=120
TimeLow=1200
TimeCritical=300
TimeAction=120

# The action to take when "TimeAction" or "PercentageAction" above has been
# reached for the batteries (UPS or laptop batteries) supplying the computer
#
# Possible values are:
# PowerOff
# Hibernate
# HybridSleep
#
# If HybridSleep isn't available, Hibernate will be used
# If Hibernate isn't available, PowerOff will be used
CriticalPowerAction=HybridSleep

答案1

步骤 1：检查gsettings

您可以在终端中检查两个选项：

$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power critical-battery-action
'suspend'
$ gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-low
'10'

然后要更改它们使用：

$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power critical-battery-action suspend
$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-low 10

请注意，在我的系统上它们运行正常，因此为了举例说明，我将它们改回原来的状态。

第 2 步：检查upower

Gnome 电源管理负责upower完成繁重的工作。为确保它正常运行并收集电池统计信息，请使用：

$ upower -d 
Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/line_power_ACAD
  native-path:          ACAD
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              Sun 18 Mar 2018 02:28:25 PM MDT (135878 seconds ago)
  has history:          no
  has statistics:       no
  line-power
    warning-level:       none
    online:              yes
    icon-name:          'ac-adapter-symbolic'

Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT1
  native-path:          BAT1
  vendor:               COMPAL
  model:                PABAS0241231
  serial:               41167
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              Tue 20 Mar 2018 04:12:10 AM MDT (53 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       yes
  battery
    present:             yes
    rechargeable:        yes
    state:               charging
    warning-level:       none
    energy:              48.2544 Wh
    energy-empty:        0 Wh
    energy-full:         93.3552 Wh
    energy-full-design:  96.48 Wh
    energy-rate:         0.0044914 W
    voltage:             14.76 V
    percentage:          51%
    capacity:            96.7612%
    technology:          lithium-ion
    icon-name:          'battery-good-charging-symbolic'

Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/mouse_0003o046Do101Ax0008
  native-path:          /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.2/0003:046D:C52B.0003/0003:046D:101A.0008
  vendor:               Logitech, Inc.
  model:                Performance MX
  serial:               E6CE4571
  power supply:         no
  updated:              Tue 20 Mar 2018 04:12:09 AM MDT (54 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       no
  mouse
    present:             yes
    rechargeable:        yes
    state:               discharging
    warning-level:       none
    percentage:          55%
    icon-name:          'battery-good-symbolic'

Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/keyboard_0003o046Do2010x0009
  native-path:          /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.2/0003:046D:C52B.0003/0003:046D:2010.0009
  vendor:               Logitech, Inc.
  model:                K800
  serial:               6DB54BFE
  power supply:         no
  updated:              Tue 20 Mar 2018 04:12:09 AM MDT (54 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       no
  keyboard
    present:             yes
    rechargeable:        yes
    state:               discharging
    warning-level:       none
    percentage:          90%
    icon-name:          'battery-full-symbolic'

Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/ups_hiddev3
  native-path:          /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-1/1-1.4/1-1.4.4/1-1.4.4:1.0/usbmisc/hiddev3
  vendor:               CPS
  model:                CP550HGa
  serial:               BFBB104#BI1.g
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              Tue 20 Mar 2018 04:12:51 AM MDT (12 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       yes
  ups
    present:             yes
    state:               fully-charged
    warning-level:       none
    time to empty:       37.5 minutes
    percentage:          100%
    icon-name:          'battery-full-charged-symbolic'

Device: /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/DisplayDevice
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              Tue 20 Mar 2018 04:10:14 AM MDT (169 seconds ago)
  has history:          no
  has statistics:       no
  ups
    present:             yes
    state:               fully-charged
    warning-level:       none
    time to empty:       37.5 minutes
    percentage:          100%
    icon-name:          'battery-full-charged-symbolic'

Daemon:
  daemon-version:  0.99.4
  on-battery:      no
  lid-is-closed:   no
  lid-is-present:  yes
  critical-action: HybridSleep

首先在笔记本电脑插入电源时运行此命令。然后拔下笔记本电脑并在一段时间后运行该命令，并确保电池剩余时间已适当减少。

最后一步-低级别休眠

这是完成所有其他步骤后要采取的最后一步。此步骤不需要 Ubuntu 或 Unity 或 Gnome 或gsettings或upower。它只需要和systemd，它们内置于几乎所有带有或不带有 GUI（桌面）的 Linux 发行版中。udevcron

从ArchLinux：

电池电量低时进入休眠状态

如果您的电池udev在每次充电（放电）1% 时发送事件，则可以使用此udev规则在电池电量危急时自动使系统休眠，从而防止所有未保存的工作丢失。 笔记：并非所有电池都会报告放电事件。udevadm monitor --property使用电池运行时进行测试，看看是否有任何事件报告。您应该等待至少 1% 的电量下降。如果没有报告任何事件并且/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/alarm不为零，则电池在BAT0/energy_now电量低于警报值时可能会触发事件，udev只要百分比计算正确，规则就会起作用。有些笔记本电脑在 BIOS 中默认禁用此选项。

$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-lowbat.rules

# Suspend the system when battery level drops to 5% or lower
SUBSYSTEM=="power_supply", ATTR{status}=="Discharging", ATTR{capacity}=="[0-5]", RUN+="/usr/bin/systemctl hibernate"

每当设置条件时，此规则都会重复执行。因此，当电池电量不足时从休眠状态恢复时，计算机将直接休眠。有些笔记本电脑在电池电量超过一定水平时无法启动，因此可以相应地调整规则。

电池可以跳转到较低的值而不是连续放电，因此使用udev所有容量的字符串匹配模式0。5

可以添加其他规则，根据电源状态和/或容量执行不同的操作。

如果您的系统没有或缺少 ACPI 事件，请使用cron以下脚本：

#!/bin/sh
acpi -b | awk -F'[,:%]' '{print $2, $3}' | {
    read -r status capacity

    if [ "$status" = Discharging -a "$capacity" -lt 5 ]; then
        logger "Critical battery threshold"
        systemctl hibernate
    fi
}

测试事件

测试udev规则的一种方法是让它们在运行时创建一个文件。例如：

$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/98-discharging.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="power_supply", ATTR{status}=="Discharging", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /home/example/discharging"

这会在/home/example/discharging拔下笔记本电脑充电器时创建一个文件。您可以通过拔下笔记本电脑并查找此文件来测试规则是否有效。有关更高级的udev规则测试，请参阅Udev#加载前测试规则。

概括

在步骤 #2 和“最后一步”之间还有更多步骤需要发布，但这些步骤将在 OP 测试后透露更多细节时发布。同时，“最后一步”应该会减少更多半途而废的答案，例如仅报告剩余百分比。

答案2

这是我编写的一个友好脚本！

我已经创建了一个临时解决方案，可以检查您的笔记本电脑是使用交流电还是电池（直流电）电源......

因此，如果使用交流电源，它将退出，如果不是，它将继续每 15 秒检查一次剩余电池电量，直到达到定义的变量low或百分比...

哦，如果您想继续在运行此脚本的同一终端中工作，只需像这样运行脚本：

bash power-notify.sh &

不用多说，以下是脚本：

#!/bin/bash
#Get battery percent
bat_percent=$(acpi | awk -F ", " '{print $2}' | tr -d %)


#When to start showing warnings... Example: 10% --> low=10
low=10
#Alert message to show when low percent is reached
alert="Low battery, $bat_percent% left..."

#Check if notify-send is installed
notfiy_send_test=$(which notify-send)
if [ $? != 0 ] 
then
    echo "Please install notify-send..."
    exit 1
fi

acpi_test=$(which acpi)
if [ $? != 0 ]
then
    echo "Please install acpi..."
    exit 1
fi


#Test if cord is plugged in 
plugged=$(acpi -a | awk -F ": " '{print $2}')

if [ $plugged == 'on-line' ]
then
    echo "Your computer is connected to a power source..."
    echo "Exiting..."
    exit 0
fi

while :
do

    if [ $bat_percent -lt $low ]
    then
        notify-send "$alert"
        sleep 15
    else
        #Check every fifteen seconds to use less resources...
        sleep 15
    fi

done

这个脚本也可以在 GitHub 上找到，这里...

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