尝试在新的 MSI GS65 笔记本电脑上安装 NVIDIA 驱动程序以安装原生 Ubuntu 16.04.5（规格：Intel 第 8 代 i7-8750H、32GB RAM、NVIDIA GTX 1070）。NVIDIA 驱动程序似乎无法运行，我也无法使用笔记本电脑的专用 GPU。详情如下：
收到笔记本电脑后，我采取的第一步是使用 GParted 清除所有 Windows 硬盘分区。进入 BIOS，禁用快速启动和安全启动，并确保启动到 UEFI 模式。然后启动到实时 Ubuntu 16.04 USB 并继续安装，尽管出现了一些小问题，但一切顺利（对于在同一台或类似机器上安装 Ubuntu 时到达此页面的任何人：请按照解决方案操作这里防止吊挂安装，以及解决方案这里以通过内置网卡实现联网）。
安装 Ubuntu 后，我尝试安装 Nvidia 驱动程序。首先使用
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
其次是
sudo apt-get update
首先尝试了 NVIDIA 驱动程序，我已确认该驱动程序可与我最近配置的另一台 MSI 笔记本电脑 384 配合使用：
sudo apt-get install nvidia-384
驱动程序安装完成，但出现一些错误，表明可能缺少固件（更多信息见下文）。目前，我假设 NVIDIA 安装正确并重新启动。
重启后，我尝试运行
nvidia-settings
并遇到以下错误消息：
ERROR: Unable to load info from any available system
尝试运行 nvidia-smi -> command not found。运行lsmod | grep nvidia，没有任何反应（运行 时也没有任何反应lsmod | grep nouveau）。尝试从 GUI 应用程序管理器打开 NVIDIA XServer Settings，没有任何反应。但是 Prime-select 似乎已安装。运行sudo prime-select nvidia产生
Info: the current GL alternatives in use are: ['mesa', 'nvidia-384-prime']
Info: the current EGL alternatives in use are: ['mesa-egl', 'nvidia-384-prime']
Info: selecting nvidia-384 for the nvidia profile
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384/ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf (x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384/ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_EGL.conf (x86_64-linux-gnu_egl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384/alt_ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_GL.conf (i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384/alt_ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_EGL.conf (i386-linux-gnu_egl_conf) in manual mode
然后尝试运行glxgears，但出现以下错误消息：
X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
Major opcode of failed request: 155 (GLX)
Minor opcode of failed request: 3 (X_GLXCreateContext)
Value in failed request: 0x0
Serial number of failed request: 23
Current serial number in output stream: 24
sudo prime-select intel正在运行
Info: the current GL alternatives in use are: ['nvidia-384', 'nvidia-384']
Info: the current EGL alternatives in use are: ['nvidia-384', 'nvidia-384']
Info: selecting nvidia-384-prime for the intel profile
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384-prime/ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_GL.conf (x86_64-linux-gnu_gl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384-prime/ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu_EGL.conf (x86_64-linux-gnu_egl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384-prime/alt_ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_GL.conf (i386-linux-gnu_gl_conf) in manual mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/nvidia-384-prime/alt_ld.so.conf to provide /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_EGL.conf (i386-linux-gnu_egl_conf) in manual mode
glxgears然后成功运行，没有错误。
到达这里后，我回头查看了之前提到的丢失固件警告。经过搜索，我发现其他人也遇到了同样的问题这里并按照提供的步骤手动安装缺失的固件。通过 卸载 NVIDIA sudo apt-get purge nvidia*，重新启动，重新安装 NVIDIA，然后重新启动。然后继续安装，没有任何警告，但与我之前看到的情况没有任何变化。
然后我考虑更新内核。我安装了 UKUU，在解决了错误并解释了解决方案后这里，安装了最新版内核，4.18.15-041815-generic。重启后，仍然没有变化。
然后我尝试了其他几个 NVIDIA 驱动程序，看看是否有任何不同。按照我之前描述的步骤卸载/重新启动，尝试最新的驱动程序 410，以及一些较早的驱动程序，例如 304、340、396 等。所有驱动程序都产生了相同的结果。
我没主意了。出于好奇，我尝试清除 Ubuntu 16 并安装 Ubuntu 18，但由于另一个人描述的错误，我无法继续这里。尝试按照该解决方案以及类似问题中的其他解决方案进行操作，但未能成功修复该错误。但是，在此笔记本电脑上安装 Ubuntu 16.04 是一项要求，因此我没有进一步追求 Ubuntu 18。
有人有什么建议吗？
供您参考，一些相关命令的输出如下：
lspci：
lspci -nnk
00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:3ec4] (rev 07)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
00:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Sky Lake PCIe Controller (x16) [8086:1901] (rev 07)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:3e9b]
DeviceName: Onboard - Video
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915
00:12.0 Signal processing controller [1180]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a379] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: intel_pch_thermal
Kernel modules: intel_pch_thermal
00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a36d] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
00:14.2 RAM memory [0500]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a36f] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device [8086:7270]
00:14.3 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a370] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Ethernet
Subsystem: Bigfoot Networks, Inc. Device [1a56:1552]
Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
Kernel modules: iwlwifi
00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a360] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: mei_me
Kernel modules: mei_me
00:1b.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a340] (rev f0)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a330] (rev f0)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1d.4 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a334] (rev f0)
Kernel driver in use: pcieport
00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a30d] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
00:1f.3 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a348] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Sound
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
00:1f.4 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a323] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel modules: i2c_i801
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller [0c80]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:a324] (rev 10)
DeviceName: Onboard - Other
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1ba1] (rev a1)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau
3b:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Device [144d:a808]
Subsystem: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Device [144d:a801]
Kernel driver in use: nvme
3c:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Qualcomm Atheros Device [1969:e0b1] (rev 10)
Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Device [1462:1227]
Kernel driver in use: alx
Kernel modules: alx
左手边：
sudo lshw -c display
*-display UNCLAIMED
description: VGA compatible controller
product: NVIDIA Corporation
vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
version: a1
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list
configuration: latency=0
resources: memory:ac000000-acffffff memory:80000000-8fffffff memory:90000000-91ffffff ioport:4000(size=128) memory:ad000000-ad07ffff
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Intel Corporation
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
version: 00
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
resources: irq:23 memory:ab000000-abffffff memory:40000000-4fffffff ioport:5000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff